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Öğe Amygdalin in bitter and sweet seeds of apricots(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Karsavuran, Nazan; Charehsaz, Mohammad; Celik, Hayati; Asma, Bayram Murat; Yakinci, Cengiz; Aydin, AhmetHydrogen cyanide (HCN) poisoning due to amygdalin (AMY) in apricot seeds is one of the public health issues in Turkey. The aim of this study was to investigate the AMY content of 13 different apricot seeds including bitter and sweet ones, and which are either sulfurized or roasted. The AMY content was determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography. Release of HCN was predicted and total amount of seeds which can cause poisoning was calculated. The mean AMY content of bitter seeds was 26 +/- 14 mg g(-1) and that of sweet seeds was 0.16 +/- 0.09 mg g(-1). The consumption of small amounts of bitter seeds may cause cyanide poisoning.Öğe Changes ın some enzymatıc parameters of sıx aprıcot cultıvars durıng rıpenıng(İnönü Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Malatya, Türkiye, 2014) Abacı, Zehra Tuğba; Asma, Bayram MuratÖz: ÖZET: Bu çal?şmada, Malatya bölgesinde yetiştirilen farkl? kay?s? çeşitlerinin olgunlaşma periyodu boyunca baz? enzimatik ve fiziksel değişimleri incelenmiştir. Ham, yar? olgun ve olgun dönemde hasat edilmiş olan alt? kay?s? çeşidinin ( Hasanbey , Canino , Turfanda Eskimalatya , Hacihaliloglu , Ozal ve Levent ) meyvelerinde meyve eti sertliği, poligalakturonaz ve pektin metilesteraz enzim aktiviteleri belirlenmiştir. Poligalakturonaz ve pektin metilesteraz enzim aktiviteleri meyve gelişimi boyunca artarken, meyve eti sertliği azalm?şt?r. En yüksek enzim aktiviteleri Levent kay?s? çeşidinde saptanm?şt?r. Anahtar Sözcükler: Prunus armeniaca L., pektin metilesteraz, poligalakturonaz, olgunlaşma basamaklarÖğe Characterization of new late-spring-frost-tolerant apricot hybrids: physical and biochemical fruit quality attributes, volatile aroma compounds(Univ Federal Santa Maria, 2023) Dogan, Aliseydi; Karaat, Firat Ege; Levent, Okan; Asma, Bayram MuratLate spring frosts is one of the most important restricting abiotic stress factors of apricot growing worldwide. In this study; some physical, biochemical fruit quality characteristics and volatile aroma compounds were determined in fresh fruit samples of thirteen late spring frost tolerant apricot hybrids recently obtained from Turkish apricot breeding programme. A wide variation was reported among apricot genotypes in all of the evaluated physical and biochemical fruit characteristics and also volatile aroma compounds. Fruit size varied between 27.2 and 60.5 g, total soluble solids between 13.6 and 17.4 %, total carotene 26.6 and 42.8 (mg.100 g-1), and total phenolics content 354.2 and 673.1 (GAE.100 g-1). A total of 42 flavor components belonging to various flavor compound groups were identified. The main volatile aroma compound groups detected in the assessed apricot genotypes were; aldehydes, ketones, esters, alcohols, terpenes, acids, and other compounds. Among the detected compounds; Hexanal, 2-Hexenal, 1-Hexanol, 2-Hexen-1-ol, Limonene were the most abundant compounds in terms of concentration. Hexanal varied between 55.8 and 528.5 mu g.kg-1, and 2-Hexen-1-ol changed between 25.7 and 297.9 mu g.kg-1 fresh weight. Correlation analysis revealed significant correlations among some aroma compounds and biochemical fruit quality characteristics. Significant correlations were reported for esters with titratable acidity (r=0.79) and total carotene (r=-0.61) and aldehydes were found as highly correlated with total soluble solids (r=-0.69). The results of the study will be beneficial in terms of food analysis, cultivation, and breeding studies of apricot.Öğe Determination of pollen viability, germination ratios and morphology of eight apricot genotypes(Academic Journals, 2008) Asma, Bayram MuratTurkey is a leading apricot producing country, with the majority of dried apricot production centered in Malatya. Currently, there are breeding programs to develop superior apricot cultivars for several different utilizations. Determining the components of reproduction biology is critical for optimizing yields from apricot orchards and is therefore important for breeding programs. In this study, the pollen viability and germination ratios were determined for eight apricot cultivars. The genotypes tested included a local cultivar (Kabaasi), foreign-origin cultivars (Roksana and Canino), and selections from the inonu University program (Levent, Ozal, Akyurek, 44-2005-01, 44 K 07). The results indicated that viable, semi-viable and dead pollen rates differed among cultivars, where Roksana had the least amount of viable pollen (41.5%). The genotypes had their highest germination rates at 20 degrees C, whereas Roksana and Levent had the lowest germination rates (46.8 and 48.5%). The germination rates were also affected by sucrose concentrations, and media containing a 15% sucrose concentration had the highest germination rates, while Roksana again had the lowest germination rate (36.4%). While the differences in anther number/flower were not significantly different among genotypes, there were significant differences in pollen number for both anther and flower bases. 44-2005-01 and Canino had the highest pollen numbers. Pollen morphology was also evaluated using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Although some size and index differences were measured, the pollen of the genotypes was generally similar in morphology. The findings provide important insight into improving our understanding of apricot reproduction biology.Öğe Determination of S alleles in Paviot x Levent apricot progenies by PCR and controlled pollination(Druckerei Liddy Halm, 2017) Murathan, Zehra Tugba; Kafkas, Salih; Asma, Bayram MuratIn this study, the sexual incompatibility of Paviot and Levent apricot parents and 89 F-1 (Paviot x Levent) progenies was determined by self-pollination experiments and S-allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. According to the self-pollination and isolation analyses under field conditions, it was found that the Paviot genotype is self-compatible (SC), whereas the Levent genotype is self-incompatible (SI). It was determined that, of all the progenies, 55 had a fruit set below 5% and were self-incompatible, whereas 34 had a fruit set over 5% and were self-compatible. The PCR-based techniques showed that, in parallel to the data obtained from the field studies, 55 F-1 progenies did not have S-c allele, whereas 34 progenies involved S-c allele. There were ScS2 alleles in the Paviot genotype and S20S52 alleles in the Levent genotype. It was determined that there were S2S20, S2S52, ScS20, and ScS52 alleles in 89 F-1 progenies and the distribution of the four alleles in the progenies was found to be as follows: 35.9% S2S20, 25.8% S2S52, 23.6% ScS20, and 14.6% ScS52. F-1 progenies nos. 41, 46, 86, and 89 should be used as pollinators in further breeding studies.Öğe 'Eylul': A New Late Ripening Apricot Cultivar for Fresh Market(Amer Soc Horticultural Science, 2018) Asma, Bayram Murat; Murathan, Zehra Tugba; Kan, Tuncay; Karaat, Firat Ege; Birhanli, Ogun; Erdogan, Abdullah[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Fruit quality and biochemical characteristics of new early ripening apricots of Turkey(Springer, 2021) Cuhaci, Cigdem; Karaat, Firat Ege; Ugur, Yilmaz; Erdogan, Selim; Asma, Bayram MuratIn this study, the important fruit quality characteristics of 11 early ripening and promising apricot hybrids and reference cultivars recently developed in Turkey were analyzed. A large variation was observed between the genotypes in terms of fruit size (fruit weight ranged from 34.28 to 72.53 g). The total soluble solids which is one of the significant fruit quality parameters for the table apricots, was found between 10.07 and 18.27% and fruit flesh/kernel rate was between 9.6 and 18.42. Epicatechin, rutin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, epigallocatechin gallate and beta-carotene were found to be the highest bioactive compounds. A large variation was also determined among the genotypes in this regard. ABP-4-23 and ABP-7-12 apricot genotypes were rich with respect to catechin, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, rutin and beta-carotene. The highest catachin and epicatechin contents were obtained in ABP-4-23 (176.76 and 517.45 mg/kg, respectively). In terms of beta-carotene ABP-2-24 and ABP-1-18 presented the highest values (127.45 and 119.54 mg/kg, respectively). Fruit weight was found highly and positively correlated with kernel weight and total soluble solids (r = 0.65 andr = 0.61, respectively). Fruit weight was also found to be moderately correlated with rutin, quercetin, and beta-carotene, while corrrelations was negative for rutin and beta-carotene. Total acidity was moderately correlated with catechin, epigallocatechin gallate and beta-carotene in positive way.Öğe Geç olgunlaşan sofralık kayısıların melezleme yoluyla ıslahı (I.Dilim)(2006) Birhanlı, Ogün; Kan, Tuncay; Asma, Bayram Murat; Erdoğan, Abdullah[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Geç oluşan sofralık kayısıların melezleme yoluyla ıslahı (I.dilim)(2006) Birhanlı, Ogün; Asma, Bayram Murat; Erdoğan, Abdullah; Kan, Tuncay[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Genetic Relatedness in Prunus Genus Revealed by Inter-simple Sequence Repeat Markers(Amer Soc Horticultural Science, 2009) Yilmaz, Kadir Ugurtan; Ercisli, Sezai; Asma, Bayram Murat; Dogan, Yildiz; Kafkas, SalihInter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to study the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among 16 genotypes from subgenus Prunus (six genotypes from section Prunophora, seven genotypes from section Armeniaca and two plumcot genotypes, and one genotype from subgenus Cerasus) in Prunus genus. From the polymerase chain reaction amplifications with 20 ISSR primers showing polymorphism among subgenera and sections, 180 polymorphic ISSR bands were detected and polymorphism ratio ranged from 57% to 100%. Based on the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analysis and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) using the Jaccard coefficient, a dendrogram and three-dimensional plot were constructed including genotypes in Prunus genus. Two main groups formed in the dendrogram; one of them (Cluster I) included Cerasus, whereas Cluster II included Prunus. Cluster II also divided into three subgroups, including sections Prunophora, Armeniaca, and plumcot. Both UPGMA and the PCoA demonstrated that Armeniaca genotypes had lower genetic variation and plumcot genotypes are closer to the plums than the apricots. The ISSR-based phylogeny was generally consistent with Prunus taxonomy based on molecular evidence, suggesting the applicability of ISSR analysis for genotypic and phylogenetic studies in Prunus genus.Öğe Inheritance of S-genotypes in Paviot x Kabaasi apricot F1 progenies(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Murathan, Zehra Tugba; Kafkas, Salih; Asma, Bayram MuratSelf-incompatibility plays an important role in the fertilization of fruit species such as apricot. Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) shows gametophytic self-incompatibility, which is controlled by a multi-allelic S-locus. In this study, S-alleles of 77 F-1 progenies derived from Paviot, which is one of the French local cultivars, and Kabaasi, one of the most important Turkish dried apricot cultivars, parents were identified by S-RNase intron regions polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and DNA sequencing. The results from the S-allele PCR analysis revealed that the Paviot female parent had an ScS2 genotype and the Kabaasi male parent had S1S9 alleles. Forty-three of the F-1 progenies showed self-compatibility allele (S-c) by having either ScS9 or ScS1 alleles. Thirty-four of the F-1 progenies were self-incompatible by having either S2S1 or S2S9 alleles. The distributions of detected alleles in F-1 progenies were determined as follows: ScS1 31.2%, S1S2 27.3%, ScS9 24.7% and S2S9 16.8%. The results from the study are relevant for the data obtained in apricot breeding programmes in the selection of crossing combinations and in the establishment of commercial orchards.Öğe Melez kayısı genotiplerinde polen canlılık ve çimlenme durumları ile polen tüpü uzunluklarının araştırılması(Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 2014) Abacı, Zehra Tuğba; Asma, Bayram MuratÖz: Kayısı ağaçlarında meyve verimliliği kısırlık, uyuşmazlık ya da çevresel faktörlerden etkilendiği gibi, polenin canlılık ve çimlenme özelliklerinden de etkilenmektedir. Bu çalışmada “Paviot” ve “Levent” kayısı genotipleri ile bu iki genotipin melezleme çalışmaları sonucu elde edilmiş 89 F 1 bitkisinin polen canlılık oranları tespit edilmiş, polenlere in vitro koşullarda polen çimlenme testi uygulanarak çimlenme yüzdeleri ve polen tüpü uzunlukları belirlenmiştir. F1 bitkilerinin polen canlılık oranları ve çimlenme yüzdeleri istatistiksel olarak farklı bulunmuştur. Paviot çeşidinde canlı polen oranının Levent genotipine oranla daha yüksek olduğu, melez genotiplerde ise polen canlılık oranlarının % 21.8-81.3 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Aynı şekilde polen çimlenme oranı Paviot çeşidinde % 84.8, Levent genotipinde % 54.7 iken polen tüpü uzunluğu sırasıyla 107 ?m ve 76.3 ?m olarak tespit edilmiştir. F1 genotiplerinde polen çimlenme oranlarının % 11.4-96.3 değerleri arasında olduğu, en uzun polen tüpüne sahip bireyin PL-074 (152.7 ?m), en kısa polen tüpüne sahip bireyin ise PL-021 (25.7 ?m) olduğu belirlenmiştir. PL-68 ve PL-74 numaralı genotiplerin meyve ağırlıklarının, SÇKM oranlarının, aynı zamanda verimlerinin de yüksek olması bu genotiplerin ıslah programlarında tozlayıcı olarak başarıyla kullanılabileceklerini göstermektedir.Öğe Melez kayısı genotiplerinin fenolojik, pomolojik ve geç olgunlaşma özelliklerinin saptanması üzerine araştırmalar (II.Dilim)(2010) Birhanlı, Ogün; Kan, Tuncay; Erdoğan, Abdullah; Asma, Bayram Murat; Abacı, Zehra Tuğba[Abstract Not Available]Öğe A New Early-ripening Apricot, 'Dilbay'(Amer Soc Horticultural Science, 2012) Asma, Bayram Murat[Abstract Not Available]Öğe New Late Ripening Apricot Genotypes from a Multipurpose Apricot Breeding Programme in Turkey(Czech Academy Agricultural Sciences, 2018) Cross, Joanna Marie; Karaat, Firat Ege; Inceoglu, Feyza; Murathan, Zehra Tugba; Asma, Bayram MuratThe harvest season of apricots is short and fruit cannot be protected in cold stores for a long time. For those reasons, apricot production and consumption are lower than in other fruit species. This study was conducted for the purpose of breeding new late ripening apricot varieties. To this aim, a total of 3718 hybrid genotypes of apricots were obtained from 42 crosses. Phenological, pomological and yield analyses were performed and variations of fruit development period, fruit size, polarimetric dry matter (Brix), total acidity, yield and other traits were determined. Two years of results for important traits are given for 12 promising genotypes. Fruit development period varied between 148 and 167 days, fruit weight 25.2 and 41.2 g, Brix 16.3 and 22.6% and total acidity 0.56 and 1.25%.Öğe POMOLOGICAL AND PHENOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PROMISING WALNUT (Juglans regia L.) GENOTYPES FROM MALATYA, TURKEY(Wydawnictwo Akad Rolniczej W Lublinie, 2012) Asma, Bayram MuratTurkey has significant walnut (Juglans regia L.) plantations most of which are seedling-grown trees. Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey has rich phenotypic diversity. In this study, walnut genotypes of the region were evaluated and considerable genetic variation in pomological and phenological characteristics was found in walnut genotypes which were of seedling origin. The study region was about 12 000 km(2) are between 35 degrees 54'-39 degrees 03' N latitude and 38 degrees 45'-39 degrees 08' E longitude. It is estimated that the region has 162 800 walnut trees. During our survey more than 3000 walnut genotypes were observed for several horticultural characteristics. Selections studied were carried out among these populations. Based on several horticultural characteristics, 158 genotypes were selected. Here, we report the several characteristics of 16 superior walnut genotypes of these 158 selections with promising yield and fruit characteristics. Among our selections we observed the ranges of 65-100% for terminal fruitfulness, 38-67 % for lateral fruitfulness, 1.98-3.15 fruits for terminal shoots, 1.36-2.25 fruits for lateral shoots, 12.6-17.5 g nut weight, 6.9-9.1 g kernel weight, 47.3-60.8% kernel ratio and 0.95-17.5 mm shell thickness. The most promising genotypes were 94 Mws 30, 95 Mws 78 and 97 Mws 103, and these selections will be used for further breeding efforts.Öğe Quality and nutritional property changes in stored dried apricots fumigated by sulfur dioxide(Korean Soc Horticultural Science, 2015) Sen, Fatih; Ozgen, Mustafa; Asma, Bayram Murat; Aksoy, UygunApricots are grown in many countries and are marketed as dried or fresh. Sulfur fumigation is preferred as a low-cost pre-treatment to maintain apricot color. This study aims to determine the effect of sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentration on quality and nutritional properties of dried apricot fruits during storage. Apricot fruits were treated with different concentrations of SO2 (1,250, 2,000, and 3,500 mg center dot kg(-1)) and then stored at 20A degrees C under 50-65% relative humidity conditions for 18 months. Fruit SO2 concentration decreased rapidly during the initial stage and then decreased at a slower rate. Fruit color darkening became more pronounced after 12 months, especially in the fruit treated with 1,250 and 2,000 mg center dot kg(-1) SO2. After 18 months of storage, total phenolic content (839-890 mg GAE 100 g(-1) dry weight), antioxidant activity (9.4-11.6 mu mol TE g(-1) dry weight), and beta-carotene levels (42.7-47.6 mg center dot kg(-1)) of all treatments varied only slightly, despite lower values overall. Therefore, SO2 levels must be chosen based on the expected storage conditions and length of the storage period.Öğe S_allele identification and genetic diversity analysis of apricot cultivars(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Murathan, Zehra Tugba; Kafkas, Salih; Asma, Bayram Murat; Topcu, HayatIn this study, the sexual incompatibility and S-allele diversity of 24 Turkish apricot cultivars, Paviot and Sakt-1 as parents and 127 F-1 progenies were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing techniques. Additionally, genetic diversity and relatedness among the 24 cultivars were determined using 18 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from the genus Prunus. PCR for S_alleles identified nine different S-RNase alleles in the 24 apricot cultivars, namely S-c, S-1, S-2, S-8, S-9, S-20, S-24, S-52, and S-53. All primers amplified only one S_allele in the cultivars Adilcevaz-1, Adilcevaz-3, Ethembey, Pasamismisi, Canakkale, and Soganci. Most of the Turkish cultivars were self-incompatible. The S-c allele was present in only three cultivars (Canakkale, Ethembey, Imrahor) that are, therefore, self-compatible. The S_alleles of cultivars Paviot and Sakt-1 displayed homology with the S-c, S-2 and S-20, and S-52 alleles. In the 127 F-1 genotypes, the two S_alleles of Paviot were inherited by roughly half of the offspring, while about 76% of the offspring inherited the S-52 allele from Sakt-1, and less than 24% inherited S-20. The amplification using all SSR 18 primers was successful and produced 128 polymorphic alleles with an average of 7.11 alleles per locus. Among the apricot cultivars studied, expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.33 to 0.72, observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.42 to 1.00, PIC values were between 0.28 and 0.89, and similarity rates were between 0.30 and 0.68. The cultivars Levent and Ozal were genetically closest (0.68) while cultivars Sakt-3 and Soganc were the most distinct (0.30).Öğe Some selected physico-chemical characteristics of wild and cultivated blackberry fruits (Rubus fruticosus L.) from Turkey(Ars Docendi, 2009) Yilmaz, Kadir Ugurtan; Zengin, Yasar; Ercisli, Sezai; Serce, Sedat; Gunduz, Kazim; Sengul, Memnune; Asma, Bayram MuratIn this study, some selected physico-chemical properties such as fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity, TSS/acidity ratio, pH, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging capacity of 9 cultivated and 16 selected wild blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) genotypes grown in Turkey were investigated. The total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and free radical-scavenging capacity of blackberry cultivars and genotypes were determined by using Folin-Ciocalteu, beta-carotene bleaching and DPPH radical assays. The results showed that, average fruit weight and fruit dimensions were higher in cultivated blackberries than wild materials. However, TSS, acidity and pH values were higher in wild materials. The total phenolic contents of blackberry cultivars and wild genotypes were in a range of 584 (cv. Bartin) to 788 (cv. Chester) mg/100 g and 610 (Genotypr R2) to 1455 mg/100 g (Genotype R16), expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE), on afresh weight basis. Antioxidant activity of cultivated and wild growing blackberry fruits was found between 72.15 (cv. Arapaho)-89.75% (cv. Bursa 3) and 59.85 (R1)-87.42% (R10), respectively. The antioxidant activity of standard BHA was 85.07%. Different cultivars grown in same location consistently showed differences in antioxidant capacity. The results of this study outlines that the blackberry fruits tested are good sources of natural antioxidants.Öğe Türkiye'de Kayısı Islah Çalışmaları ve Islah Edilen Yeni Çeşitler(Türk Tarım - Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji dergisi, 2017) Asma, Bayram Murat; Çuhacı, Çiğdem; Doğan, Aliseydi; Karaca, HazalÖz: Kayısı, güzel renk, tat ve aroması, yüksek A vitamini ve diyet lifi içeriğiyle yaz mevsiminde sevilerek tüketilen meyvelerin başında gelir. İlkbahar geç donlarının neden olduğu kayıplar, farklı iklim koşullarına zayıf adaptasyon, sofralık kayısılarda raf ömrünün kısa olması, şarka ve monilya hastalığının yol açtığı zararlar bugün kayısı yetiştiriciliğinde karşılaşılan en önemli sorunlardır. Son yıllarda tüketici tercihlerinde yaşanan hızlı değişimlere birlikte renk, tat, aroma ve irilik bakımından farklı özelliklere sahip yeni kayısı çeşitlerine talep artmıştır. Kayısı ıslah çalışmalarının önemli bölümü kuzey yarımkürede yoğunlaşmış olup 74 çeşit ile ABD ve 70 çeşit ile Fransa en fazla kayısı ıslahı yapılan ülkeler olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Bu süreçte Türkiye'de ise sadece on bir kayısı çeşidi tescil ettirilmiştir. Bu çeşitlerden yedisi tanesi (Alata Yıldızı, Çağataybey, Çağrıbey, Dr. Kaşka, Şahinbey, Dilbay ve Eylül) melezleme ıslah yöntemiyle, diğerleri ise seleksiyon yoluyla geliştirilmiştir. Alkaya kayısı çeşidi hem sofralık hem de kurutmalık değerlendirmeye uygundur. Eylül ve Mihrialibey geç, diğer çeşitler ise erkenci ve orta mevsim olgunlaşma özelliğine sahiptir. Bu makalede, ülkemizde bugüne kadar yapılan kayısı ıslah çalışmaları gözden geçirilerek bu çalışmalardan elde edilen sonuçlar kısaca özetlenmiş, tescil edilerek üretime sunulan yeni kayısı çeşitlerinin önemli özelliklerine yer verilmiştir.
