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    Neopterin Levels and Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity as Biomarkers of Immune System Activation and Childhood Allergic Diseases
    (Korean Soc Laboratory Medicine, 2019) Unuvar, Songul; Erge, Duygu; Kilicarslan, Bilge; Bag, Harika Gozde Gozukara; Catal, Ferhat; Girgin, Gozde; Baydar, Terken
    Background: Although Th2 immune activation is predominant in allergic diseases, neopterinlevels and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-1 activity (kynurenine:tryptophan ratio), which reflect Th1 immune activity, increase with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) stimulation. We investigated neopterin, tryptophan, and kynurenine levels as biomarkersof the Th1 immune system activation and changes in IDO-1 activityin children with asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis, as well as the relationship between these biomarkers and the total IgE level, age, and disease severity. Methods: We divided 205 children (80 girls and 125 boys, four months to 17 years old) into four groups: controls, patients with asthma, patients with allergic rhinitis, and patients with atopic dermatitis. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected. Neopterin levels were determined by an enzyme immunoassay. Tryptophan and kynurenine levels were analyzed using HPLC. IDO-1 enzyme activity was calculated using tryptophan and kynurenine levels. IgE levels were measured. The Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Conover post-hoc method were used for statistical analysis. Results: Neopterin, tryptophan, and kynurenine levels were higher and IgE levels and IDO-1 enzyme activity were lower in patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis than in controls (P<0.05). Patients with atopic dermatitis showed higher neopterin, tryptophan, and kynurenine levels, higher IDO-1 activity, and lower IgE levels thancontrols (P<0.05). Conclusions: The Th1/Th2 balance is disrupted in children with allergic diseases, concomitant with increased Th1-mediated immune response activation and reduced IgEproduction, which is promoted by Th2-type cytokines.
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    Patulin: its toxicity and possible contamination of products used in baby nutrition
    (Aves, 2011) Sahin, Gonul; Unuvar, Songul; Baydar, Terken
    Patulin is a secondary metabolite produced by molds such as Penicillium Aspergillus and Byssochlamys. Mainly patulin may be present in many foods including baby foods, fruits (especially apple) and apple-based products. Severity of patulin toxicity is correlated with the amount of consumed fruit products. Therefore, daily amount of consumption of these products is very important in infants and children who are vulnerable to toxic effects. In recent years, many studies on this field showed that patulin levels in fruit-based products were higher than the limit of provisional maximum tolerable daily intake. In this review, the major toxic effects of patulin, the limits in baby foods, and the approaches for prevention of formation of patulin have been summarized in the light of current literatur knowledge. (Turk Arch Ped 2011: 46: 275-9)
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    Patulin: Toksisitesi ve bebek beslenmesinde kullanılan ürünlerde olası bulaşma
    (2011) Şahin, Gönül; Ünüvar, Songül; Baydar, Terken
    Öz: Patulin, Penicillium, Aspergillus ve Byssochlamys gibi küf mantarları tarafından üretilen ikincil bir metabolittir. Patulin başlıca meyve ve özellikle elma ve elma bazlı ürünler ve bebek mamaları dahil birçok gıdada bulunabilir. Patulin toksisitesinin şiddeti tüketilen meyve ürünlerinin miktarı ile orantılıdır. Toksik etkilere karşı daha hassas olan bebek ve çocuklarda bu ürünlerin günlük tüketim miktarı bu nedenle önemlidir. Son yıllarda bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar, meyve bazlı ürünlerdeki patulin düzeylerinin günlük öngörülen en yüksek tolere edilebilir alım sınırlarından daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu derlemede patulinin büyük toksik etkileri, bebek mamalarındaki limitler ve patulin oluşumunu önleme yaklaşımları güncel literatür bilgileri ışığında özetlenmiştir.
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    Tryptophan Degradation and Antioxidant Status in Patients With Thyroid Disorders
    (Acad Medical Sciences I R Iran, 2018) Unuvar, Songul; Girgin, Gozde; Sahin, Tevfik Tolga; Kilicarslan, Bilge; Taneri, Ferit; Yuksel, Osman; Baydar, Terken
    Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the degradation of tryptophan (Trp), neopterin production and antioxidant capacity in patients with benign and malignant thyroid disease. Methods: For this reason, the levels of tryptophan, kynurenine (Kyn) and neopterin, and superoxide disintitase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities in 67 thyroid patients were evaluated in our study and the results were compared with 30 healthy controls. Results: Tryptophan and kynurenine levels in thyroid patients decreased compared to the control group. Patients with thyroid disease had lower CAT activity than the control group. The neopterin and tryptophan levels in malignant and benign patients were also significantly different. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that thyroid disorders may lead to changes in tryptophan degradation, neopterin production and CAT enzyme activities.