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Öğe Biochemical and developmental effects of thyroid and anti-thyroid drugs on different early life stages of Xenopus laevis(Elsevier, 2021) Boran, Filiz; Gungordu, AbbasThe effects of two drugs containing the synthetic thyroid hormone levothyroxine (LEV) and an anti-thyroid drug containing propylthiouracil (PTU) on the three early life stages of Xenopus laevis were evaluated with the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus, Tadpole Toxicity Test, and Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay using biochemical and morphological markers. Tested drugs caused more effective growth retardation in stage 8 embryos than stage 46 tadpoles. Significant inhibition of biomarker enzymes has been identified in stage 46 tadpoles for both drugs. AMA test results showed that LEV-I caused progression in the developmental stage and an increase in thyroxine level in 7 days exposure and growth retardation in 21 days exposure in stage 51 tadpoles. On the other hand, increases in lactate dehydrogenase activity for both drugs in the AMA test may be due to impacted energy metabolism during sub-chronic exposure. These results also show that the sensitivity and responses of Xenopus laevis at different early developmental stages may be different when exposed to drugs.Öğe Comparatively Investigation of Textile Dye Decolorization by a White Rot Fungus and Various Bacterial Strains(2021) Birhanlı, Emre; Yeşilada, Özfer; Çabuk, Ahmet; Boran, Filiz; Tatlıcı, ErayThe aim of this study is to comparatively investigate the decolorization of Reactive Blue 171 (RB 171) by using three different bacterial strains as Bacillus megaterium A1 (A1), Gordonia sp. MC-D1 (D1), and Bacillus pumilus D3 (D3) and also a white rot fungus (Pleurotus ostreatus). All tested bacteria were incubated with RB 171 dye at 150 mg/L concentration for 24-72 h under static or agitated (150 rpm) conditions while the fungus was incubated with 150 mg/L of the dye under the same conditions for 3-24 h. The highest bacterial decolorization values were obtained after 72 h of incubation under static conditions, and the maximum decolorization rates were detected as 84, 83 and 75% for A1, D1, and D3, respectively. However, the color of RB 171 dye was removed at 93% rate by Pleurotus ostreatus under static conditions after 24 h of incubation. Similar results were also obtained from the agitated studies of the tested fungal and bacterial strains except A1. The maximum decolorization values obtained with A1, D1, and D3 at 150 rpm, 72 h were 30, 88 and 89%, respectively. The highest decolorization activities of Pleurotus ostreatus were 93% for both static and agitated (150 rpm) conditions. In addition, zymogram analyzes of the fungal culture fluids obtained from SBM, and SBM containing 150 mg/L RB 171 were also performed to detect the presence of laccase.Öğe Comparison of indigo carmine decolorization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and crude laccase enzyme from Funalia trogii(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2019) Boran, Filiz; Birhanli, Emre; Yesilada, Ozier; Ozbey, ElifThe effects of incubation time, temperature, initial pH, and dye concentration on the indigo carmine decolorization activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 and some factors on the decolorization potential of crude laccase enzyme obtained from Funalia trogii ATCC 200800 were comparatively investigated. This bacterium showed effective decolorization activity at all agitation and temperature values. Indigo carmine was greatly decolorized by P. aeruginosa at all pH values except pH 10. A decrease in decolorization activity occurred with increasing dye concentration, but this bacterium effectively decolorized the dye within 24 h. The decolorization process was through microbial metabolism, not biosorption. No decolorization or laccase activity could be obtained by the cell-free intracellular extract or culture filtrate of this bacterium. On the other hand, crude laccase effectively decolorized indigo carmine under highly acidic conditions, especially at pH 3.0 as 57% in 300 seconds. This activity decreased progressively due to the increase in pH values. In a short incubation period and at high temperature values, the crude laccase enzyme removed the color of the dye at 50 degrees C (56%), 60 degrees C (45%), and 70 degrees C (38%). These data are important for improving methods for decolorization of textile dyes used at high temperatures in various industrial applications.Öğe Design of laccase-metal-organic framework hybrid constructs for biocatalytic removal of textile dyes(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Birhanli, Emre; Noma, Samir Abbas Ali; Boran, Filiz; Ulu, Ahmet; Yesilada, Ozfer; Ates, BurhanThis study aims to present a simple and effective carrier matrix to immobilize laccase as opposed to complex and tedious immobilization processes and also to use it in the removal of textile dyes. For this purpose, Cobalt (Co) and Copper (Cu) based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were prepared and laccase was immobilized on two different MOFs via encapsulation. The characterization outcomes showed that laccase was well immobilized into MOF supports. Optimum pH and temperature were found for Lac/Co-MOF (pH 4.5 at 50 degrees C) and Lac/Cu-MOF (pH 5.0 at 50 degrees C). The Km (0.03 mM) and Vmax (97.4 mu mol/min) values of Lac/Cu-MOF were lower than those of Lac/Co-MOF (Km = 0.13 mM, Vmax = 230.7 mu mol/min). The immobilized laccases showed good reusability as well as improved resistance to temperature denaturation and high storage stability. For instance, the Lac/Co-MOF and Lac/Cu-MOF retained more than 58% activity after 4 weeks of storage at room temperature. Meanwhile, Lac/Co-MOF and Lac/Cu-MOF maintained 56.5% and 55.8% of their initial activity, respectively, after 12 reuse cycles. Moreover, thermal deactivation kinetic studies of immobilized laccases displayed lower k value, higher t1/2, and enhancement of thermodynamic parameters, which means better thermostability. Finally, the decolorization activities for the Lac/Co-MOF were 78% and 61% at the 5th cycle for Reactive Blue 171 andÖğe Dye removal by dead biomass of newly isolated Pleurotus ostreatus strain(Natl Inst Science Communication-Niscair, 2018) Dogan, Demet; Boran, Filiz; Kahraman, Sibel; Akmil-Basar, Canan; Yesilada, OzferDead biomass prepared from newly isolated Pleurotus ostreatus strain was tested for their efficiency in removal of indigo carmine. The effects of operational parameters such as contact time, initial dye concentration, amount of biomass, initial pH and agitation rate on removal were examined. The dye removal increased rapidly during the first 60 minutes (87%) and remained nearly constant between 60 - 120 minutes of adsorption (87 - 90%). The removal of dye by dead biomass of newly isolated P. ostreatus was clearly dependent on the initial dye concentration of the solution and dye removal was reduced from 83% to 53% as concentration was increased from 100 to 500 mg/L indigo carmine. Results were analyzed by the Langmiur, Freundlich, Dubinin-Redushkevich (D-R), Temkin, Frumkin, Harkins-Jura, Halsey, Henderson isotherm using linearised correlation coefficient. The kinetics of adsorption of IC have been discussed using six kinetic models, i.e., the pseudo first order model, the pseudo second order model, the Elovich equation, the intraparticle diffusion model, the Bangham equation, the modified Freundlich equation. In order to determine the best fit isotherm and kinetic models, three error analysis methods of residual mean square error (RMSE), chi-square (X-2) statistic and the average percentage error (APE%) were used to evaluate the data.Öğe Dye Removing with Dry and Wet Forms of Pure Bacterial Cellulose Produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus(2022) Boran, FilizBacterial cellulose is being used in the different areas. One of these areas is using this material as bioadsorbent for decolorization of the different dyes. In the study, Gluconacetobacter xylinus was used for obtaining bacterial cellulose (BC). The wet and dry forms of the BC were utilized as bioadsorbent for removal of the Reactive Blue 171 (C.I Chrocion Blue HERD) (200 mg/L), Remazol Brilliant Blue R (150 mg/L) (C. I Reactive Blue 19), and Chrocion Green H-E4BD (100 mg/L) dyes. The highest decolorization rates were obtained with wet BC at the first use as 51%, 52% and 54% for CBHERD, RBBR and CH GREEN dyes after 24 hours of incubation at 30°C, 150 rpm, respectively. These values were 11%, 21% and 20% for dry forms of BC at the end of the first use. At the same time, the structure and morphology of bacterial cellulose were determined by SEM, XRD and FTIR analysis.Öğe ENHANCED PRODUCTION OF LACCASE BY FUNGI UNDER SOLID SUBSTRATE FERMENTATION CONDITION(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2011) Boran, Filiz; Yesilada, OzferFunalia trogii and Trametes versicolor were grown on agro byproduct wheat bran moistened with various natural moistening agents, and their effects on laccase production under solid substrate condition were investigated. Laccase was the main enzyme detected under this condition. High levels of laccase activity were obtained with solid substrate cultures moistened with olive oil mill wastewater (OOMW) or alcohol factory wastewater (vinasse). Among the cultures without inducer, T. versicolor culture was detected as a more effective laccase producer than F. trogii culture. Copper and xylidine were used as laccase inducers, and copper induced laccase production more than xylidine. The maximum laccase activity was detected as 14.18 U/mL with F. trogii grown on wheat bran moistened with 5 mM CuSO4 center dot 5H(2)O added 25% vinasse. Azo dye decolorization activity of the supernatants from solid substrate cultures was also tested. While the use of 0.063 U/mL F. trogii laccase in reaction solution gave 66% decolorization in a minute, it was 14% for T. versicolor. This method can be a possible alternative for valorization of lignocellulosic materials and industrial wastewaters during solid substrate fermentation and for obtaining enzyme source with very high decolorization activity.Öğe Facile construction of a robust and recyclable laccase/metal-organic framework-808 with boosted stability for biodegradation of Reactive Blue 171 and Reactive Blue 198 from aqueous media(Elsevier, 2024) Bakar, Busra; Bugday, Nesrin; Birhanli, Emre; Boran, Filiz; Ulu, Ahmet; Yasar, Sedat; Yesilada, OzferLaccase enzyme sees application demand in many industries such as textile, food processing, wood processing, pharmaceutical, and chemical. However, it becomes difficult to maintain the enzymatic activity of laccase under harsh reaction conditions and even after several biocatalytic cycles. Therefore, suitably prescribed supports are crucial to ensure that the catalytic activity and reusability of the immobilized laccase are maintained at high levels. The present study highlights the development and dye decolorization application of an enzyme carrier matrix employing a Zr-based metal-organic framework (MOF), MOF-808, with hierarchical porosity for the immobilization of laccase from Trametes trogii . The immobilization efficiency for Lac/MOF-808 was found to be 70.83 +/- 1.98 %. Lac/MOF-808 exhibited optimal catalytic temperature at 60 degrees C, while the optimal catalytic pH was 4.5. Due to recoverable properties from the carrier matrix the recycle test was satisfactory for the Lac/MOF808, being reused 7 times without losses greater than 50 % of residual activity. Stored at 25 degrees C, Lac/MOF-808 retained 30 % of its activity during 4-weeks period. A kinetic study was carried out for Lac/MOF-808 monitoring the oxidation reaction of ABTS. The K-m value was 0.070 mM and the V-max was 87.7 mu mol min(-1) g(-1). Kinetic investigations, on the other hand, demonstrated a decrease in K m following immobilization, signifying a higher affinity for substrate. The Lac/MOF-808 maintained its decolorization efficiency even after eight reaction cycles, exhibiting a remarkable activity of 56.7 % and 77.2 % against Reactive Blue 171 and Reactive Blue 198, respectively. Hence, the described Lac/MOF-808 might be an ideal candidate for efficient dye decolorization applications.Öğe Immobilization of Trametes trogii laccase on polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated magnetic nanoparticles for biocatalytic degradation of textile dyes(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Bakar, Busra; Birhanli, Emre; Ulu, Ahmet; Boran, Filiz; Yesilada, Ozfer; Ates, BurhanHigh cost and low operational stability are the most important challenges limiting the possible use of laccase in the removal of textile dyes. To overcome these challenges, in this study, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were produced and characterized. To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the feasibility of immobilizing a Trametes trogii laccase enzyme on Fe3O4/PVP MNPs. The characterization of samples and the successful immobilization of laccase were verified by characterization methods. Besides, the biochemical properties and stability of the Fe3O4/PVP/Lac were evaluated in terms of optimum pH, optimum temperature, thermostability, thermodynamic and kinetic parameters, storage stability, operational stability, and decolorization efficiency of two different textile dyes. The optimum activities were recorded at pH 2.5 degrees C and 30 degrees C. The Fe3O4/PVP/Lac displayed remarkable thermal stability and activation energy for denaturation, enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, and entropy results confirmed the enhanced stability of Fe3O4/PVP/Lac against high temperatures. Meanwhile, the Fe3O4/PVP/Lac retained about 58% of its original activity after seven consecutive reuses, while it retained up to 25% of its original activity after 28 d of storage at room temperature. K-m and V-max for the Fe3O4/PVP/Lac were calculated to be 126 mu M and 211 mu mol/min, respectively. Finally, after 8 and 6 cycles of repeated use, the Fe3O4/PVP/Lac still decolorized 32.34% and 32.23% of Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) and Indigo Carmine (IC), respectively. As envisioned, this study suggests a promising way to solve the problems of high price and poor operational stability of the enzyme during biocatalytic decolorization of textile dyes in wastewaters.Öğe Laccase immobilization on bacterial cellulose produced in a mulberry pomace waste extract medium: Characterization and use for dye decolorization(Wiley, 2023) Unlu, Fevziye; Boran, Filiz; Yesilada, Ozfer; Koytepe, SuleymanThe present study aimed to immobilize laccase on dry bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by Komagataeibacter xylinus B759 in mulberry pomace waste extract as a low-cost and natural waste by-product and to determine the effectiveness of the obtained laccase immobilized BC (Lac/BC) for textile dye decolorization. The highest BC yield obtained after optimization studies was as 1.70 g/L in pH 8.0 medium at 32 degrees C after 15 days. BC and Lac/BC structures were characterized by different instrumental techniques. A transition to more amorphous character was observed with the binding of the enzyme structure. The morphological properties and fiber structure of the BC and enzyme-linked cellulose structures were examined by SEM and AFM analyses. Obtained Lac/BC pieces were used for the decolorization of Reactive Blue 171 (RB 171) and Reactive Blue 198 (RB 198) diazo dyes during the repeated-batch process. As a result of using 12 pieces of Lac/BC, 93% and 98% decolorization values were obtained for the RB 171 and RB 198 dyes in the first use, while the color removal was still 83% and 51% at the 8th use, respectively. The results showed that BC produced in a mulberry pomace waste extract can be used for laccase immobilization and Lac/BC is an effective and promising system for textile dye decolorization.Öğe LACCASE PRODUCTION BY NEWLY ISOLATED GANODERMA LUCIDUM WITH SOLID STATE FERMENTATION CONDITIONS AND ITS USING FOR DYE DECOLORIZATION(2022) Boran, Filiz; Yeşilada, ÖzferLaccase production capacity of newly isolated fungus Ganoderma lucidum was studied during solid state fermentation on solid substrates. Because wheat bran was detected as the most effective solid substrate, effect of various culture parameters and some inducers on laccase production in wheat bran media was investigated. Wheat bran with moisture content of 75%, pH 5.0 and 30 °C was the most effective medium and 10 mM copper addition supported the highest amount of laccase. In glass tray fermenter 2973±220 U/L laccase activity was obtained. Crude laccase gave the highest activity at 70 °C. It was stable at 60°C for 6 hours and retained 37% activity at 70 °C for 2 hours. It decolorized 61% of Remazol Brilliant Blue R within 20 min. Results showed that this strain could produce high amount of laccase and suitable inducer such as copper could induce its laccase production. The crude laccase obtained could be used for textile dye decolorization applications.Öğe Laccase-conjugated thiolated chitosan-Fe3O4 hybrid composite for biocatalytic degradation of organic dyes(Elsevier, 2020) Ulu, Ahmet; Birhanli, Emre; Boran, Filiz; Koytepe, Suleyman; Yesilada, Ozfer; Ates, BurhanIn this study, a novel immobilization support for laccase was developed to enhance enzyme stability, efficiency and reusability. Firstly, Fe3O4 magnetic particles were synthesized and modified by the co-precipitation route using thiolated chitosan (TCS). The support was characterized using several methods. Afterward, laccase was attached to the surface of functional support. The biochemical properties of the immobilized laccase were comprehensively investigated. It was observed that immobilized laccase achieved maximum activity at pH 4.0 and the optimum temperature was found to be 50 degrees C. After storage at +4 degrees C and similar to 25 degrees C for 4 weeks, the residual activity of the immobilized laccase was 87% and 80% of its initial activity, respectively. At 55 degrees C, the activity of immobilized lactase decreased to 73A% in 180 min and after reused 20 times, the relative activity of immobilized laccase still was approximately 50% of its initial activity. Moreover, the textile dye (Reactive Blue 171 and Acid Blue 74) decolorization activity of immobilized laccase was also tested and it showed long-term textile dye decolorization activity. These results are promising for the use of laccase in industrial and biotechnological applications. Therefore, this functionalized magnetic hybrid composite might be used to immobilize laccase, an industrially important enzyme. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Preparation and Characterization of Yeast-Immobilized Cotton-Based Materials and Their Usage for Textile Dye Decolourization(Korean Fiber Soc, 2023) Boran, FilizIn this study, cotton fibers and untreated cotton fabric structures used in the textile industry were activated and used as yeast immobilization matrix. Cotton and untreated cotton fabric structures immobilized with yeast were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray spectroscopy techniques for the determination of their immobilization rates. In addition, surface properties and morphological properties of yeast immobilized structures were investigated. Then, yeast immobilized cotton-based structures were used for color removal of Reactive Blue 171 (RB 171) textile dye, which is a serious environmental pollution factor. Very high color removal results were obtained for both raw cotton and untreated cotton fabric samples with yeast immobilized. For yeast immobilized untreated cotton fabrics, dye color removal results were obtained as 55% and 57%, respectively, after 24 h under static and shaking conditions. For raw cotton fibers immobilized with yeast, the RB 171 decolorization efficiency was 76 and 83% dye decolourization results in static and agitated conditions, respectively. As a result, it has been seen that yeast immobilized cotton fibers can be used successfully in the decolourization of reactive textile dyes.Öğe Preparation of 10-undecenoic acid based polyurethane/PCL fibers by electrospinning method and investigation of their antifungal properties(Springer, 2022) Acari, Idil Karaca; Boran, Filiz; Kolak, Seda; Tatlici, Eray; Yesilada, Ozfer; Koytepe, Suleyman; Ates, BurhanNowadays, in the treatment of such fungal infections, antifungal drugs in various forms are one of the most preferred methods. These medications can be in the form of creams and lotions, shampoos, pills, suppositories, powders, or sprays. The dose of the drugs is adjusted according to the type and growth area of the fungus, the severity of the symptoms, and the medical history of the patients. Dressing materials with antifungal properties are an alternative treatment method used for the treatment of fungal skin infections. These covers not only treat fungal infections but also prevent their spread. Within the scope of this study, polyurethane-based wound dressing materials (PU-UDA/PCL) with antifungal properties were developed. Electrospining method was used to produce these dressing materials and the surface area of the wound dressing material was increased, thereby increasing the effect of antifungal property. Polypropylene glycol, glycerol, and catechin as polyol were preferred in polyurethane (PU) synthesis. These structures were polymerized with isophorone diisocyanate and modified with 10-undecenoic acid. Obtained 10-undecenoic acid modified polyurethane (PU-UDA) structures were transformed into wound dressing structure with polycaprolactone (PCL) by electrospinning method. Structural, morphological, and thermal properties of the wound dressing materials were analyzed with different instrumental analysis methods. The antifungal activities of PU-UDA/PCL were tested. Antifungal tests were performed on C. albicans and C. tropicalis. Therefore, PU-UDA/PCL series could be used as an efficient antifungal agent. Finally, it was determined that the obtained 10-undecenoic acid-based polyurethane fibers have a suitable structure and feature for the treatment of many fungal infections.Öğe Tailor-made novel electrospun polycaprolactone/polyethyleneimine fiber membranes for laccase immobilization: An all-in-one material to biodegrade textile dyes and phenolic compounds(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Kolak, Seda; Birhanli, Emre; Boran, Filiz; Bakar, Buesra; Ulu, Ahmet; Yesilada, Ozfer; Ates, BurhanIn spite of many works on the biodegradation of textile dyes and phenolic compounds, we propose a new, inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and sustainable material based on electrospun fiber and immobilized laccase. The polycaprolactone (PCL)/polyethyleneimine (PEI) electrospun fibers were optimized and prepared by electrospinning technique according to the operational parameters like PCL concentration (12 wt%), PEI con-centration (10 wt%), voltage (16 kV), needle tip-collector distance (20 cm), and injection speed (0.7 mL/h). Next, characterization studies were performed to investigate the morphology and structure of the electrospun fibers without and with laccase. The crude laccase was obtained by cultivating the white rot fungus T. trogii (TT), and T. versicolor (TV). The resulting electrospun fibers showed a smooth surface with a mean diameter of around 560 nm, and larger diameters were observed after laccase immobilization. According to the results, immobili-zation increased the stability properties of laccase such as storage, and operational. For instance, the residual activity of the PCL/PEI/TTL and PCL/PEI/TVL after 10 repeated cycles, was 33.2 & PLUSMN; 0.2% and 26.0 +/- 0.9%, respectively. After 3 weeks of storage, they retained around 30% of their original activity. Moreover, the PCL/ PEI/TTL and PCL/PEI/TVL were found to possess high decolorization yield to remove Orange II and Malachite Green textile dyes from solutions imitating polluted waters. Among them, the PCL/PEI/TTL exhibited the highest decolorization efficiencies of Orange II and Malachite Green after 8 continuous uses at pH 5 and a temperature of 50 C, reaching over 86%, and 46%, respectively. Moreover, PCL/PEI/TTL and PCL/PEI/TVL effectively degraded the 2,6-dichlorophenol phenolic compound at an optimal pH and temperature range and exhibited maximum removal efficiency of 52.6 +/- 0.1% and 64.5 +/- 7.6%, respectively. Our approach combines the ad-vantageous properties of electrospun fiber material and immobilization strategy for the efficient use of industrial scale important enzymes such as laccase in various enzymatic applications.Öğe Yeni izole edilmiş beyaz çürükçül funguslarla katı substrat fermentasyonu koşullarında lakkaz üretimi(İnönü Üniversitesi, 2013) Boran, FilizKatı substrat fermentasyonu (KSF), doğal substratların kullanıldığı, serbest suyun olmadığı bir işlemdir. Biyoteknolojik süreçlerde alternatif bir metod olan bu fermentasyon işlemi, yüksek aktivite ve daha düşük maliyetli lakkaz üretimi için lignoselülozlu ham maddeleri kullanmaktadır. Organizmalar bu katı substratları hem bağlanma yeri hem de besin olarak kullanmaktadır. Biyolojik süreçlerde lignoselülozlu ham maddelerin kullanımı, çevresel problemlerin çözümüne yardımcı olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, yeni izole edilmiş olan Funalia trogii, Ganoderma lucidum ve Trametes versicolor'ın lakkaz üretimi KSF sürecinde araştırıldı. Farklı faktörlerin (katı substrat, sıcaklık, pH, nem içeriği ve indükleyiciler) lakkaz üretimine etkisi test edildi. Test edilen lignoselülozlu katı substratlar arasından buğday kepeği, lakkaz üretimi için en iyi katı substrat olarak belirlendi. Fungusların lakkaz üretimi üzerine soya unu, ağaç yaprakları, maya özütü ve bakırın etkisi de araştırıldı. Yüksek lakkaz aktivitesi için en iyi ortam, bakır ilave edilmiş buğday kepeği+soya unu ortamıdır. Optimum KSF koşulları, %75 nem içeriği, 30°C ve pH 5-6 dır. KSF cam tava tipi fermentör kullanılarak da yürütüldü ve en yüksek lakkaz aktiviteleri F.trogii, G.lucidum ve T.versicolor için sırasıyla 22469±2622, 2008±826 ve 2649±810 U/L olarak elde edildi. Ayrıca, bakır ilave edilmiş olan buğday kepeği+soya unu ortamlarında üretilen F.trogii, G.lucidum ve T.versicolor'dan elde edilen ham lakkazın aktivite ve kararlılığı üzerine pH ve sıcaklığın etkisi test edildi. Bu ham lakkazlar, özellikle pH 2.5-3.5 da yüksek aktivite gösterdi. Yüksek sıcaklıkta da kararlı oldukları gözlendi. G.lucidum ham lakkazının Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) renk giderimi aktivitesi, optimum koşullar altında bu tekstil boyasının rengini (400mg/L) 20 dakikada %61 giderebileceğini gösterdi. Sonuçlar, KSF'nin lakkaz üretimi için uygun olduğunu ve optimum koşullar altında bu funguslarla yüksek miktarda lakkaz elde edilebileceğini göstermektedir. En iyi uygulama şartlarını anlamak için ham lakkazların aktivite ve kararlılık profillerini belirlemek önemlidir.
