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    Effect of BQ-123 and nitric oxide inhibition on liver in rats after renal ischemia-reperefusion injury
    (2006) Emre M.H.; Erdogan H.; Fadillioglu E.
    Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury induces an inflammatory response and production of oxygen-derived reactive species which affect many organs including heart, brain, kidney and gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to assess the hepatic changes after renal I/R injury. Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to either sham operation or treatment with L-NAME, L-arginine and BQ-123 during 30 min renal ischemia and 2 h reperfusion injury. Hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were evaluated to show hepatic response to renal I/R injury. Catalase and SOD activities showed significant differences between the control and the other groups after I/R. On the other hand, GSH-Px activity did not show any significant changes between the control and the other experimental groups mentioned under above conditions. Meanwhile, levels of TBARS were not different between the control and the other experimental groups, whereas NO level showed changes between the control and experimental groups except the one to which endothelin receptor antagonist agent (BQ-123) subjected. Experimental period may not be enough to determine the changes in GSH-Px activity and level of TBARS. However, catalase and SOD activities decreased in experimental groups treated by chemical agents. NO level decreased in chemicalagent-applied experimental groups but not in the group to which endothelin receptor antagonist BQ-123 was applied alone.
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    Effects of training period on haemorheological variables in regularly trained footballers.
    (2005) Karakoc Y.; Duzova H.; Polat A.; Emre M.H.; Arabaci I.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of one football training period on haemorheological variables in regularly trained footballers. METHOD: Ten subjects were randomly selected from the reserve team of a football club in the Turkish Premier League. During the last week of the football season, one day before a standard training session and two days after the previous league match, venous blood samples were taken (pre-exercise). After 90 minutes of standard training, further blood samples were taken (post-exercise). Blood lactate, blood viscosity, plasma fibrinogen, blood clotting time, acid-base variables, and plasma Na+, K+, and Ca2+ were determined. RESULTS: Haemoglobin, packed cell volume, and mean corpuscular volume were all significantly decreased, whereas white blood cells and platelets were both increased after training. Blood viscosity decreased but the reduction was not significant. Blood lactate, plasma glucose, and Na+ content were significantly increased, but standard bicarbonate, actual bicarbonate, and Ca2+ were significantly decreased. Blood clotting time had shortened significantly after training. Blood viscosity was inversely correlated with plasma glucose concentration (r = -0.48 and p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS: The results show that blood viscosity tends to decrease as the result of this type of training. This is due to a reduction in packed cell volume and mean corpuscular volume. The increased blood lactate does not have an adverse effect on the blood viscosity of these subjects because protective mechanisms develop with regular training throughout the season.
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    Investigation of propolis effects on learning and memory of diabetic Sprague dawley rats induced by streptozotocin
    (Scibulcom Ltd., 2017) Koksal B.; Emre M.H.
    The purpose of this study is to investigate possible effects of propolis on learning and memory functions of diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ). In the study, 51 young male adult Sprague Dawley rats were involved and the rats were exposed to eight-arm radial maze applications for evaluation of their learning and memory functions during 4 weeks. In the first three weeks latent learning was observed while short and long term memory functions were observed in the last week. The rats were assigned into four different groups: control (n = 14), only STZ application (n = 12), propolis application before STZ exposure (n = 12) and propolis application after STZ exposure (n = 13). The findings showed that no significant effect of propolis on latent learning, short and long term memory functions of diabetic rats was determined; moreover diabetes did not lead to harms on latent learning, short and long term memory functions. In conclusion, it can be said that the time might not be enough to detect learning and memory dysfunctions caused by diabetes and effects of propolis, however it is seen that propolis is an effective chemical in decreasing blood glucose levels of diabetic rats.