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Öğe Antiepileptogenic and antioxidant effects of Nigella sativa oil against pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling in mice(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2005) Ilhan, A; Gurel, A; Armutcu, F; Kamisli, S; Iraz, MNigella sativa oil (NSO), a herbaceous plant, has been used for thousands of years for culinary and medical purposes. This study aimed to investigate the anticonvulsant and antioxidant activities of NSO on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling seizures in mice. Nigella sativa oil was tested for its ability (i) to suppress the convulsive and lethal effects of PTZ in kindled mice (anti-epileptogenic effect), (ii) to attenuate the PTZ-induced oxidative injury in the brain tissue (antioxidant effect) when given as a pretreatment prior to each PTZ injection during kindling acquisition. Valproate, a major antiepileptic drug, was also tested for comparison. Both substances studied significantly decreased oxidative injury in the mouse brain tissue in comparison with the PTZ-kindling group. Nigella sativa oil was found to be the most effective in preventing PTZ-induced seizures relative to valproate. Nigella sativa oil showed anti-epileptogenic properties as it reduced the sensitivity of kindled mice to the convulsive and lethal effects of PTZ; valproate was ineffective in preventing development of any of these effects. The data obtained support the hypothesis that neuroprotective action of NSO may correlate with its ability to inhibit not only excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation but also seizure generation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe C-reactive protein is an indicator for fatal outcomes in first-time stroke patients(Int Scientific Information, Inc, 2005) Koçer, A; Canbulat, C; Gözke, E; Ilhan, ABackground: The causal relation of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) to ischemic cerebrovascular disease remains unclear, though an inflammatory effect has been suggested in many studies. The aim of our study was to evaluate serum hsCRP levels in ischemic stroke patients and in a control group, and to correlate the values with other generally known risk factors. Material/Methods: A total of 47 patients with ischemic stroke and 26 control subjects were recruited. The cases were well-matched to controls for age and sex. Peripheral blood samples from stroke patients were obtained between 12-24 hours after the stroke. Serum levels of hsCRP were determined by chemoluminescence assay. Results: The mean serum levels of hsCRP were found to be significantly higher in patients (3.12 +/- 4.4 mg/dL) than controls (0.39 +/- 0.6 mg/dL, p=0.0001). The level of hsCRP was above the risk limit in 39 patients (83.0%) and 7 controls (26.9%). The hsCRP values were not related to the presence of other vascular risk factors, except for cholesterol level. The correlation analysis of hsCRP revealed a linear correlation with death within six months and the presence of hypertension. Conclusions: Our results suggest that elevated serum hsCRP levels may be an indicator of fatal outcome in first-time stroke patients.Öğe Caffeic acid phenethyl ester exerts a neuroprotective effect on CNS against pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in mice(Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publ, 2004) Ilhan, A; Iraz, M; Gurel, A; Armutcu, F; Akyol, OSince overexcitation of excitatory amino acid is an important mechanism in seizure genesis wherein free radicals have recently been suggested to play a critical role, we explored the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) administration in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure in mice. CAPE prevents the oxidative damage in brain tissue induced by PTZ, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results demonstrate that CAPE treatment which prevents free radical production and ameliorates seizure severity may be useful at least as an adjunctive treatment of seizure disorders.Öğe The comparison of nail and serum trace elements in patients with epilepsy and healthy subjects(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2004) Ilhan, A; Özerol, E; Güleç, M; Isik, B; Ilhan, N; Ilhan, N; Akyol, ÖThe objective of this prospective study was to determine the levels of manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) levels in both nail and serum from patients with epilepsy. For this purpose, levels of these elements were measured in 31 patients with epilepsy and 19 healthy subjects. Element analyses were carried out by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Increased Mn levels were detected in nail of patients with epilepsy compared to healthy controls (P<.008). The main nail Zn and Cu levels were found to be unchanged in epileptic patients compared to control subjects. There were no significant differences in serum Mn and Zn levels between epileptic patients and control subjects. However, there was a statistically significant increase in serum Cu levels in patients with epilepsy in comparison with control group (P<.009). Our results demonstrate that some trace element levels may vary in epileptic patients, and because of the more stable status, the analysis of these element levels in some tissues such as nail might be superior to serum analysis. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Determination of copper, zinc and manganese in nail and serum from patients with migraine(Dustri-Verlag Dr Karl Feistle, 2003) Özerol, E; Ulvi, H; Ilhan, N; Güleç, M; Ilhan, A; Akyol, ÖMetallo-enzymes contain trace elements in their molecular structure to be metabolically active. Manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) contains Mn and copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn SOD) contains Cu. and Zn as prosthetic groups. There have been some studies on the oxidant/anti oxidant status of patients with migraine. In the present study, the levels of copper, zinc and manganese in nail and serum were investigated in 53 patients with migraine and 19 healthy subjects. Copper, Zn and Mn levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and results obtained were statistically compared. The concentration of Mn in nail and serum was significantly higher in migraine patients than those of control subjects. Although Zn and Cu concentrations in nail were increased in migraine group compared to control group, the difference was not statistically significant. There was a statistically significant increase in Cu level (p < 0.02) and decrease in Zn level in serum from patients with migraine compared to those of control group. The unchanged or increased levels of trace elements, which play important roles as prosthetic groups in SOD, in both nail and serum may suggest that the antioxidant enzyme activities are not negatively affected from the changes. The results obtained are discussed in the light of the literature on the relationship between migraine and trace elements plus antioxidant systems.Öğe Diagnostic role of hair magnesium in migraine patients: higher than serum magnesium?(Dustri-Verlag Dr Karl Feistle, 2000) Ilhan, A; Uz, E; Var, A; Kali, S; Akyol, OThe present study was aimed at evaluating trace element changes and diagnostic role of magnesium levels in hair of migraine patients during interictal period. We assessed trace element levels in hair of migraine patients (n = 40) and control subjects (n = 21). In the group of migraineurs,magnesium (p < 0.05), zinc (p < 0.05), and copper (p < 0.001) levels in the hair were significantly reduced with regard to the control subjects. Although the hair levels of manganese and serum levels of magnesium are lower in migraine patients than the levels in controls, these differences were not found to be signifcant. Also, the mean trace element levels in the group of migraine patients showed no significant difference according to gender, age, and type of migraine (with or without aura). Our data show that some hair trace element levels change in migraine patients during interictal period and hair magnesium seems to be more valuable than serum magnesium as a diagnostic marker in migraine.Öğe The effect of Nigella sativa oil against experimental allergic encephalomyelitis via nitric oxide and other oxidative stress parameters(C M B Assoc, 2005) Ozugurlu, F; Sahin, S; Idiz, N; Akyol, O; Ilhan, A; Yigitoglu, R; Isik, BReactive oxygen species (ROS) including nitric oxide (NO) are thought to be involved in inflammatory processes, exacerbating inflammation and tissue damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). The oil extracts of Nigella Sativa (N. sativa) has been known as an antioxidant and antiinflammatory agent. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that N. sativa components provide protection against oxidative stress induced by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats. For this purpose, EAE was induced in rats by using guinea pig myelin basic protein (MBP) in Freud's adjuvant with addition of heat-killed M. Tuberculosis H37Ra to test this hypohesis. In study groups, N. sativa was given by oral gavage to the rats. Treatment of the rats with N. sativa inhibited ROS production induced by EAE showing diminished levels of MDA of both brain and medulla spinalis tissues. Although there was a significant decrease in brain NO level, there was an increase in medulla spinalis NO level after EAE induction in rats. N. sativa regulated tissue NO levels in some extend when applied together with EAE. When N. sativa was given alone to the rats, no changes were shown in brain, medulla spinalis, and serum oxidant/antioxidant parameters. In conclusion, N sativa may protect brain and medulla spinalis tissues against oxidative stress induced by EAE. In additon, N. sativa display its antioxidant and regulatory effects via inflammatory cells rather than the host tissue (brain and medulla spinalis) for EAE in rats.Öğe The effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in rabbits(Oxford Univ Press Inc, 1999) Ilhan, A; Koltuksuz, U; Ozen, S; Uz, E; Ciralik, H; Akyol, OObjective: Oxygen-derived free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of spinal cord neuronal injury after both trauma and ischemia-reperfusion. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis extract, exhibits antioxidant properties. This experimental study was designed to determine the effect of CAFE on ischemia-reperfusion of spinal cord in rabbits. Methods: Forty-one New Zealand white rabbits were used in the study. The animals undergone aortic occlusion were divided into three groups each consisting of 11 rabbits: methylprednisolone (MP), CAFE, and control. CAFE 10 mu mol/kg, methyl prednisolone (MP) 30 mg/kg or similar dose saline were injected intraperitoneally before surgical intervention. Animals were subjected to 21 min of cross-clamp time. At the end of occlusion time, the clamps were removed and restoration of the blood flow was verified visually. Animals in sham group (n = 8) underwent a surgical procedure similar to the other groups but the aorta was not occluded. Neurological status was scored by assessment of hindlimb motor function deficit. Results: The scores in CAFE group was different from control groups at 48 h (3.91 +/- 0.5 vs. 2.91 +/- 0.7; P = 0.0013). Spinal cord specimens were obtained to determine the tissue levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and histological changes. Malondialdehyde levels in control group were increased significantly when compared to sham group (124.22 +/- 24.36 and 41.92 +/- 10.08 nmol/g wet tissue, P = 0.0003). MDA levels in the CAFE group were lower than MP group and differences between the two groups were statistically significant (56.77 +/- 15.265 and 107.74 +/- 19.31 nmol/g wet tissue, P = 0.0001), We did not observe additional tissue injury in CAFE group when compared to control group. SOD and CAT activities were not concordant in all the groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that CAFE may be an available agent to protect the spinal cord from ischemia-reperfusion injury. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V, All rights reserved.Öğe Erdosteine ameliorates neurological outcome and oxidative stress due to ischemia/reperfusion injury in rabbit spinal cord(W B Saunders Co Ltd, 2004) Ege, E; Ilhan, A; Gurel, A; Akyol, O; Ozen, SObjective. Oxygen-derived free radicals have been suggested as important in degeneration after spinal cord ischemia. The aim of this study was to investigate whether erdosteine has a protective effect against spinal cord ischemia during aortic cross clamping. Materials and methods. New Zealand White rabbits (n = 21) were divided into three groups. In the ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R) (n = 8), the infrarenal aorta of rabbits was cross clamped for 21 min and then reperfused. In erdosteine group, the administration of erdosteine solution (50 mg/kg) was started two days before aortic cross-clamping and rabbits (n = 8) were subjected to ischemia and reperfusion. Animals in control group (n = 5) underwent a surgical procedure similar to the other groups but the aorta was not clamped. The animals were sacrificed at 72 h and histopathological, and biochemical analyses were carried out on the lumbar spinal cords. Results. Erdosteine treatment zoos associated with improved neurological function in the postoperative period. Histopathological examination of spinal cord tissues in erdosteine group revealed changes consistent with mild ischemic injury, but rabbits in I/R group with paraplegia had total destruction of the motor neurons. Biochemical analyses of spinal cord tissues, in the I/R group, revealed a significant increase in the superoxide dismutase, xanthine oxidase, adenosine deaminase and myeloperoxidase activities, and a significant depletion in glutathione peroxidase activity when compared to that of control rabbits. Erdosteine treatment prevented the increase of all these enzymes except adenosine deaminase. Ischemia/reperfusion produced a significant increase in the tissue malondialdehyde levels. Ischemia/reperfusion-induced increments in malondialdehyde content of the spinal cord were significantly prevented by erdosteine treatment. Conclusions. The present study demonstrated that erdosteine treatment before aortic cross clamping ameliorates neurological outcome, neuronal injury and oxidative stress in the rabbit spinal cord.Öğe Erdosteine ameliorates PTZ-induced oxidative stress in mice seizure model(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2005) Ilhan, A; Aladag, MA; Kocer, A; Boluk, A; Gurel, A; Armutcu, FThe role of oxygen-derived free radicals has been suggested in genesis of epilepsy and in the post seizure neuronal death. The aim of this study was to investigate whether erdosteine has a preventive effect against epilepsy and postepileptic oxidative stress. The mice (n = 27) were divided into three groups: (i) PTZ-induced-epilepsy group (it = 9); (ii) PTZ-induced-epilepsy + erdosteine group (it = 9); (iii) control group (n = 9). The animals were observed for a period of 30 min for latency to first seizure onset, total seizure duration, the number of seizure episodes. Then they were sacrificed and the brains were quickly removed, and frozen for biochemical analysis. Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities were carried out in the brain tissue. The latent period between PTZ induction and seizure are longer in the PTZ + erdosteine group than in PTZ-induced-epilepsy group (P < 0.05). Biochemical analyses of brain tissue, revealed a significant increase in the MDA, XO and NO levels in the PTZ group according to erdosteine group. SOD level did not change in this group. While MDA and XO levels are significantly lower, SOD level is significantly higher in the PTZ + erdosteine group compared to PTZ and control groups (P < 0.01). The present study demonstrated that erdosteine treatment both may increase latent interval between seizures and may decrease oxidative stress, thus may ameliorate neuronal death in brain during seizures. It may be used as an adjunct therapy in epilepsy. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Ginkgo biloba prevents mobile phone-induced oxidative stress in rat brain(Elsevier, 2004) Ilhan, A; Gurel, A; Armutcu, F; Kamisli, S; Iraz, M; Akyol, O; Ozen, SBackground: The widespread use of mobile phones (MP) in recent years has raised the research activities in many countries to determine the consequences of exposure to the low-intensity electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of mobile phones. Since several experimental studies suggest a role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in EMR-induced oxidative damage in tissues, in this study, we investigated the effect of Ginkgo biloba (Gb) on MP-induced oxidative damage in brain tissue of rats. Methods: Rats (EMR+) were exposed to 900 MHz EMR from NIP for 7 days (1 h/day). In the EMR + Gb groups, rats were exposed to EMR and pretreated with Gb. Control and Gb-administrated groups were produced by turning off the mobile phone while the animals were in the same exposure conditions. Subsequently, oxidative stress markers and pathological changes in brain tissue were examined for each groups. Results: Oxidative damage was evident by the: (i) increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in brain tissue, (ii) decrease in brain superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and (iii) increase in brain xanthine oxidase (XO) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities. These alterations were prevented by Gb treatment. Furthermore, Gb prevented the MP-induced cellular injury in brain tissue histopathologically. Conclusion: Reactive oxygen species may play a role in the mechanism that has been proposed to explain the biological side effects of MP, and Gb prevents the MP-induced oxidative stress to preserve antioxidant enzymes activity in brain tissue. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Hair lead and cadmium concentrations in patients with epilepsy and migraine(Wiley, 2003) Sasmaz, S; Uz, E; Pinar, T; Vural, H; Eiri, M; Ilhan, A; Akyol, ÖEpilepsy and migraine are neurological manifestations of neurocutaneous diseases. The studies that investigate the etiology of these manifestations may illuminate the physiopathological bases of neurocutaneous disorders. The hypothesis that the elevation of toxic trace element concentration in the brain is an important triggering factor for seizures and subsequent neuronal damage in epilepsy and migraine was investigated in this clinical prospective study. The levels of two heavy metals (lead [Pb] and cadmium [Cd]) in scalp hair were measured in patients with epilepsy (n=33) and migraine (n=40) as well as healthy control subjects (n=26). The hair concentration of these two toxic trace elements was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. There was a significant increase in Pb concentration in epilepsy group when compared to both control (p<0.006) and migraine group (p<0.02). There was no difference in mean Cd concentration of hair from epilepsy, migraine patients and control groups. Therefore, no conclusive findings were obtained for Cd. Elevated Pb content in epileptic patients was accepted as being of particular importance. Our findings support the hypothesis that the elevation in Pb concentration in the scalp hair amongst patients with epilepsy may show the elevation in the brain and constitute an important triggering factor for seizures.Öğe Investigation of oxidant/antioxidant parameters in penthylenetetrazol-induced seizures in mice and the protective effect of erdosteine treatment(Dr Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag, 2004) Ilhan, A; Akyol, O; Armutcu, F; Iraz, M; Gurel, A[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome: Neurologic and cardiologic evaluation(Elsevier Science Inc, 1999) Ilhan, A; Tuncer, C; Komsuoglu, SS; Kali, SRecurrent syncope, malignant ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden death are complications of the long QT syndrome (LQTS), Two well-known syndromes with long QT intervals are known. The Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome (JLNS) is characterized by prolongation of the QT interval, deafness, and autosomal-recessive inheritance, and the Romano-Ward syndrome is characterized by a prolonged QT interval, autosomal-dominant inheritance, and no deafness. In the present study assessment was performed of the diagnostic importance of the ventricular derepolarization parameters, clinical features, and prevalence of JLNS among 132 children with congenital hearing loss (CHL), In the CHL group the mean QT, QTc, JT, and JTc intervals and the dispersion values (QT-d, JT-d, QTc-d, and JTc-d) were significantly longer than those of control subjects (n = 96) (P < 0.05). Patients with CHL and JLNS (n = 5) had significantly longer mean values of QT, QTc, JT, and JTc intervals and dispersion values than those of CHL without JLNS (n = 127) and control subjects (P < 0.05). The results suggest that assessment of ventricular derepolarization parameters in children with CHL will be helpful in the early detection of JLNS because infants with CHL cannot accurately describe the symptoms of syncope, (C) 1999 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe One-and-a-half syndrome: a different type(Royal Coll Ophthalmologists, 1999) Ilhan, A; Alioglu, Z; Ozmenoglu, M[Abstract Not Available]Öğe The protective effect of nebivolol on ischemia/reperfusion injury in rabbit spinal cord(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2004) Ilhan, A; Yilmaz, HR; Armutcu, F; Gurel, A; Akyol, OThe aim of this experimental study was to investigate whether nebivolol has protective effects against neuronal damage induced by spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Twenty-one rabbits were divided into three groups: group I (control, no I/R), group II (only I/R) and group III (I/R+nebivolol). Spinal cord ischemia was induced by clamping the aorta both below the left renal artery and above the aortic bifurcation. Seventy-two hours postoperatively, the motor function of the lower limbs was evaluated in each animal. The animals were sacrificed at 72 h, and histopathological and biochemical analyses were carried out in the lumbar spinal cords. The motor deficit scores in nebivolol group were different from I/R group at 72 h (3.25 0.70 vs. 1.75 +/- 1.28, p=0.01). I/R produced a significant increase in the superoxide dismutase (SOD), xanthine oxidase (XO), adenosine deaminase (ADA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities in spinal cord tissue when compared with control group. Nebivolol treatment prevented the increase of all those enzymes activities produced by I/R. A significant decrease in spinal cord glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) level was seen in I/R group and nebivolol treatment prevented the decrement in the spinal cord tissue GSH-Px contents. On the other hand, I/R produced a significant increase in the spinal cord tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) contents, this was prevented by nebivolol treatment. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a considerable neuroprotective effect of nebivolol on neurological, biochemical and histopathological status during periods of spinal cord I/R in rabbits. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester against experimental allergic encephalomyelitis-induced oxidative stress in rats(Elsevier Science Inc, 2004) Ilhan, A; Akyol, O; Gurel, A; Armutcu, F; Iraz, M; Oztas, EBecause oxidative damage has been known to be involved in inflammatory and autoimmune-mediated tissue destruction, modulation of oxygen free radical production represents a new approach to the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Central nervous system tissue is particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage, suggesting that oxidation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of honeybee propolis, has been determined to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer activities. We have previously reported that CAPE inhibits ischemia-reperfusion injury and oxidative stress in rabbit spinal cord tissue. The present study, therefore, examined effects of CAPE on oxidative tissue damage in EAE in rats. Treatment with CAPE significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by EAE, and ameliorated clinical symptoms in rats. These results suggest that CAPE may exert its anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting ROS production at the transcriptional level through the suppression of nuclear factor kappaB activation, and by directly inhibiting the catalytic activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on rotenone-induced myocardial oxidative injury(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2005) Akpinar, MB; Erdogan, H; Sahin, S; Ucar, F; Ilhan, ARotenone, an insecticide, causes toxicity through inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport chain at complex I and oxidative injury to the tissues. The aim of the present study was to determine in vivo effects of rotenone on myocardium and cardio-protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an antioxidant agent, against rotenone toxicity in rats. The rats were divided into three groups: untreated control, rotenone (2.5 mg/kg/day for 60 days, i.p.) and rotenone + CAPE groups. CAPE was administrated i.p. 10 ltmol/kg/day for 62 days started two days before first dose rotenone injection. The malondialdehyde, nitric oxide levels and xanthine oxidase activity of rotenone group was significantly higher than control and rotenone + CAPE groups (to < 0.05). However, catalase activity in the rotenone group was decreased in comparison with the other groups (p < 0.05). The superoxide dismutase activity of rotenone group was insignificantly decreased compared to the others. In conclusion, rotenone caused lipid peroxidation in myocardial tissue and CAPE treatment prevented this rotenone-induced lipid peroxiclation in rats. CAPE might be a cardio-protective agent against myocardial toxicities. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Protective effects of erdosteine on rotenone-induced oxidant injury in liver tissue(Sage Publications Inc, 2004) Terzi, A; Iraz, M; Sahin, S; Ilhan, A; Idiz, N; Fadillioglu, ERotenone, an insecticide of botanical origin, causes toxicity through inhibition of complex I of the respiratory chain in mitochondria. This study was undertaken to determine whether rotenone-induced liver oxidant injury is prevented by erdosteine, a mucolytic agent showing antioxidant properties. There were four groups of Male Wistar Albino rats: group one was untreated as control; the other groups were treated with erdosteine (50 mg/kg per day, orally), rotenone (2.5 mg/mL once and 1 mL/kg per day for 60 days, i.p.) or rotenone plus erdosteine, respectively. Rotenone treatment without erdosteine increased xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme activity and also increased lipid peroxidation in liver tissue (P < 0.05). The rats treated with rotenone plus erdosteine produced a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation and XO activities in comparison with rotenone group (P < 0.05). Erdosteine treatment with rotenone led to an increase in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in comparison with the rotenone group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in nitric oxide (NO) level between groups. There were negative correlations between CAT activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level (r = -0.934, P < 0.05) with between CAT and SOD activities (r = -0.714, P < 0.05), and a positive correlation between SOD activity and MDA level (r = 0.828, P < 0.05) in rotenone group. In the rotenone plus erdosteine group, there was a negative correlation between XO activity and NO level in liver tissue (r = -0.833, P < 0.05). In the light of these findings, erdosteine may be a protective agent for rotenone-induced liver oxidative injury in rats.Öğe The regulatory role of dietary ?-3 essential fatty acids on oxidant/antioxidant balance in rat hippocampus(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2003) Sarsimaz, M; Songur, A; Kus, I; Ozyurt, B; Gulec, M; Sogut, S; Ilhan, AOmega-3 essential fatty acids (omega-3 EFA) contains eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). DHA is one of the building structures of membrane phospholipids of brain and necessary for continuity of neuronal functions. omega-3 EFA has been suggested to be protective against neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. This study proposed to assess the changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD), xanthine oxidase (XO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) in the hippocampus of rats fed with omega-3 EFA diet (0.4 g/kg/day) for 30 days. Eight control rats and nine rats fed with omega-3 EFA were decapitated under ether anesthesia, and hippocampus was removed immediately. Rats treated with omega-3 EFA had significantly lower XO activity (p<0.002) and NO level (p<0.0001) whereas higher SOD activity (p<0.002) and MDA levels (p<0.019) than the control rats. These results suggest that the dietary omega-3 EFA may act on the oxidant/antioxidant parameters in hippocampus. On the other hand, although the mechanism is not clear, omega-3 EFA may enhance one of the most important antioxidant enzymes, SOD. Further studies are needed to clarify the molecular mechanism involved and the therapeutic implication of omega-3 EFA in animal psychosis models and clinical studies.
