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Öğe The comparison of the impact of ghrelin and tacrolimus on vitreous cytokine levels in an experimental uveitis model(Springer, 2013) Gul, Fatih Cem; Turgut, Burak; Dagli, Ferda; Ilhan, Nevin; Ozgen, MetinWe aimed to compare the effects of intraperitoneal ghrelin and tacrolimus on vitreous levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in an experimental autoimmune uveitis model. Twenty-four male rats, each weighing 300 g, were assigned into four groups, six rats in each. All the rats, except for those in group 1, were injected intravitreally with concanavalin a to induce experimental uveitis. The development of uveitis was confirmed by the histopathologic examination of two rat globes from each group. The rats in group 2 were not given any treatment after uveitis was induced. The rats in group 3 were administered 1 mg/kg/day of intraperitoneal tacrolimus on days 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 following the induction of uveitis (on the 14th day of study). The rats in group 4 were given 10 ng/kg/day of intraperitoneal ghrelin for 7 days following the induction of uveitis. On the 21st day of the study, all rats were sacrificed, and the eyes enucleated were subjected to histopathologic examination. Vitreous levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-6 were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The histopathologic evaluation carried out to confirm the development of uveitis revealed destruction in the retinae and ciliary bodies of the immunized rats. The mean vitreous levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-6 were significantly higher in the sham group than in the control group (p < 0.05). The levels of these three cytokines showed a significant decrease in the tacrolimus treatment group (p < 0.05). Cytokine levels decreased in the ghrelin treatment group relative to the control group; however, the decrease was not found statistically significant (p > 0.05). Tacrolimus could be effective in uveitis treatment by neutralizing or decreasing the levels of cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-6 that have a critical part in the pathogenesis of uveitis. However, ghrelin failed to produce the desired effect. Further studies using different doses and different ways of administration are needed to determine the effective dose of ghrelin in uveitis.Öğe Glutathione and nitrite levels in induced sputum at COPD patients and healthy smokers(Pioneer Bioscience Publ Co, 2014) Turgut, Teyfik; Ilhan, Nevin; Deveci, Figen; Akpolat, Nusret; Erden, Ersin Sukru; Muz, M. HamdiObjectives: The role of oxidative stress at the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is known. The aim of this study is to investigate the oxidative stress with sputum induction that is a simple method in COPD patients and healthy smokers. Methods: Sputum induction was performed in 21 COPD patients (10 stable, 11 acute exacerbations), nine healthy smokers, and ten healthy non-smokers. Glutathione, NO2- levels, and cell counts at sputum, and plasma NO2- contents were evaluated in all subjects. Results: Mean sputum glutathione and NO2- levels were significantly higher in acute exacerbations with COPD patients than healthy smokers (P=0.007 and P<0.001 respectively), and non-smokers (P<0.001 and P<0.001 respectively). On the other hand, sputum glutathione and NO2- levels did not show significant differences between stable and acute exacerbations with COPD patients. Although, sputum glutathione levels were higher in stable COPD patients than healthy smokers', no statistically significant difference was established. In addition, sputum glutathione levels were significantly higher in healthy smokers than nonsmokers (P<0.001). Conclusions: As a result, we can say that oxidative stress increases not only in COPD patients but also in healthy smokers. In addition, sputum induction that is a simple method can be used to demonstrate to show oxidative stress.Öğe Impact of ghrelin on vitreous cytokine levels in an experimental uveitis model(Dove Medical Press Ltd, 2013) Turgut, Burak; Gul, Fatih Cem; Dagli, Ferda; Ilhan, Nevin; Ozgen, MetinBackground: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intraperitoneal ghrelin on vitreous levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and to compare its effects with those of intraperitoneal infliximab in an experimental uveitis model. Methods: Twenty-four male rats were assigned to four groups of six rats in each. All the rats, except for those in group 1 (controls), were injected intravitreally with concanavalin A to induce experimental uveitis. Rats in group 2 (sham) were not given any treatment after uveitis was induced. Rats in group 3 were given intraperitoneal infliximab 0.5 mg/100 mL on days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 following induction of uveitis on day 14 of the study. Rats in group 4 were given intraperitoneal ghrelin 10 ng/kg/day for 7 days following induction of uveitis. On day 21 of the study, enucleated globes were subjected to histopathologic examination. Vitreous levels of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Vitreous levels of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha were significantly increased in the sham group relative to the control group (P < 0.05), but showed a significant decrease in the group treated with infliximab (P < 0.05). Cytokine levels also decreased in the ghrelin-treated group, but the decrease was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Ghrelin failed to decrease the IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels that play a critical role in the pathogenesis of uveitis.Öğe Maternal plasma levels of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, vitamins C, E and A, 8-isoprostane and oxidative status in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes(Informa Healthcare, 2015) Ilhan, Nevin; Celik, Ebru; Kumbak, BanuObjective: Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is associated with significant maternal and perinatal morbidity. This study examined maternal oxidative stress in PPROM. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in a university hospital. A total of 72 pregnant women were recruited into two groups, those with PPROM (38 cases) and those without PPROM (34 controls) matched for gestational age. Plasma interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, vitamins C, E and A, 8-isoprostane, total oxidant status (TOS) and antioxidant status (TAS) were determined for all study participants and the data were compared between the PPROM and control groups. Results: Both case and control groups were comparably matched in age, parity, gestational age and smoking status. There was a significant association between low 8-isoprostane, low vitamin C and high total oxidant status and the occurrence of PPROM (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Plasma vitamin C and 8-isoprostane levels were lower and TOS higher in women with PPROM. Further research is needed to identify robust biological markers for the prevention and also prognosis of PPROM.Öğe Plasma Kisspeptin Levels in Girls with Premature Thelarche(Galenos Yayincilik, 2012) Akinci, Aysehan; Cetin, Dilek; Ilhan, NevinObjective: Premature thelarche (PT) is defined as isolated breast development without secondary sex characteristics in girls below the age of eight. We aimed to determine whether the level of kisspeptin, which plays a role in the release of gonadotropins, is associated with PT. Methods: The patient group included children with PT aged 3-8 years (n=20) and the control group included healthy children in the same age range (n=20). Height standard deviation scores (HSDSs), bone maturation and growth velocity were evaluated in the two groups. Basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), prolactin (PRL), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were also measured in the two groups by immunochemiluminometric assay (ICMA). A gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) test was also conducted in the patient group and the peak levels of FSH and LH were determined. Kisspeptin levels were measured using enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Results: No differences were found between the groups in terms of age, HSDS, annual growth rate and bone age. While the plasma basal FSH, LH and E2 levels in the patient and control groups did not show statistically significant differences, PRL levels were higher in the patient group (p<0.05). Peak LH response to GnRH test was at the prepubertal level (<5 ng/mL) in patients with PT. In the patient group, kisspeptin levels were significantly higher compared to the levels in the control group (2.96+/-1.21 ng/dL vs. 1.19+/-0.41 ng/dL; p<0.05), and kisspeptin levels showed a significant correlation with PRL, FSH, LH, and E2 levels (p<0.05). Conclusions: In this study, plasma kisspeptin levels were found to be higher in patients with PT and to show a positive correlation with increased PRL levels. Kisspeptin is one of the neuropeptides that plays a role in the onset of puberty. Our results support the hypothesis that PT may result from the temporary activation of central stimulants.Öğe Protective effect of atorvastatin on oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats independently their lipid-lowering effects(Wiley, 2019) Aktay, Goeknur; Gursoy, Sule Oner; Uyumlu, Umut; Unuvar, Songuel; Ilhan, NevinIn the present study, we investigate the effects of atorvastatin on the lipid profile, oxidative stress, and liver enzyme markers, and its protective activity against diabetic complications, in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, as well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzyme activities, were measured 7 weeks after the administration of STZ and atorvastatin. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), non-protein associated sulfhydryl (NP-SH), total sulfhydryl (T-SH), and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured to evaluate oxidative stress. Atorvastatin was found to inhibit ALT and AST activities and to reduce FBG levels in rats with STZ-induced diabetes. Moreover, atorvastatin treatment significantly reduced lipid peroxidation in kidney, heart, and eye tissues (P < 0.001, for all), and resulted in a significant increase in NP-SH levels in brain tissues (P < 0.001). Total NO and nitrate levels increased significantly after atorvastatin treatment (P < 0.01). Our results revealed that atorvastatin has a protective effect against STZ-induced oxidative damage by reducing TBARS levels and increasing NP-SH levels, has a hepatoprotective effect by decreasing ALT and AST activities. It also shows the antihyperglycemic activity by lowering FBG levels.Öğe Retinal nitric oxide and malonyldialdehyde levels following photodynamic therapy(Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd, 2011) Turkcuoglu, Peykan; Ozturkmen, Cem; Ilhan, Nevin; Kurt, Julide; Aydemir, Orhan; Celiker, Ulku; Ibrahim, Mohamed A.Background:To determine the retinal nitric oxide (NO) and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) levels following photodynamic therapy (PDT). Materials and Methods:Seven Dutch-belted rabbits received dextrose, while seven others received 2 mg/kg verteporfin infusion over a period of 15 minutes in a dim-lit room. Irradiation to a 1.5 mm diameter intact chorioretinal area in the right eye of verteporfin-infused rabbits, was started 5 minutes after the end of infusion. Three groups were control (dextrose infusion), infusion with verteporfin (left eyes were not irradiated), and irradiation after verteporfin injection (right eyes were irradiated). On the fifth day of the experiment, the eyes were enucleated. The retinas were subsequently frozen and homogenized. Nitrite, a stable end-product of NO and MDA, was measured using the spectrophotometer. Protein concentrations were measured by the Lowry method. Tissue NO and MDA levels were expressed as mu mol/gprt and nmol/mgprt, respectively. Results:The mean retinal NO and MDA levels of the control, infusion, and irradiation groups were 24.67 +/- 6.66, 0.11 +/- 0.02; 45.90 +/- 15.52, 0.21 +/- 0.09; and 84.43 +/- 14.96 mu mol/gprt, 0.58 +/- 0.14 nmol/mgprt, respectively. The mean retinal NO levels were significantly elevated in the infusion and irradiation groups compared with the control group (P:0.004; P:0.001). The mean retinal MDA levels were significantly elevated in the infusion and irradiation groups compared to the control one (P:0.026; P:0.001). Also the mean retinal NO and MDA levels in the irradiation group were found to be significantly higher than the infusion group (P:0.018; P:0.018). Conclusion:Not only PDT, but also verteporfin infusion alone resulted in NO and MDA level increments in the retina, which might be toxic.Öğe Serum IL-33 level and IL-33 gene polymorphisms in Behcet's disease(Springer Heidelberg, 2015) Koca, Suleyman Serdar; Kara, Murat; Deniz, Firat; Ozgen, Metin; Demir, Caner Feyzi; Ilhan, Nevin; Isik, AhmetBeh double dagger et's disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Increased productions of cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1 beta and IL-18 are documented, and IL-1 alpha and beta gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to the disease. IL-33 is a recently discovered member of IL-1 cytokine family. The aim of the study was to detect serum IL-33 level and IL-33 gene polymorphisms in a cohort of BD. Unrelated 117 patients with BD and 149 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. Serum IL-33 levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. DNA samples were harvested using an appropriate commercial DNA isolation kit. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms of IL-33 gene (rs7044343, rs1157505, rs11792633 and rs1929992) were genotyped using the appropriate commercial primer/probe sets on real-time PCR. Serum IL-33 level was not significantly different in the BD and HC groups (p > 0.05). However, its level was lower in the active BD patients compared to the inactive ones and HC group (p = 0.044 and p = 0.037, respectively). There was no significant difference in terms of the genotypic and allelic distributions of rs1157505 and rs1929992 polymorphisms (p > 0.05 for all). However, the TT variants of rs7044343 and rs11792633 polymorphisms were very rare, and the T allele frequencies of these polymorphisms were lower, in the BD group compared to the HC group (p < 0.0001 for all). The rs7044343 and rs11792633 variants of IL-33 gene are associated with the decreased risk of BD in our cohort. Therefore, it may be concluded that IL-33 acts a protective role on the pathogenesis of BD.
