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    The effect of chronic leg press exercises on hamstring muscle length and different vertical jump performance
    (Iermakov S S, 2024) Kurhan, Sebiha; Kurtoglu, Ahmet; Kurhan, Cihad Onur; Eken, Ozgur; Car, Bekir
    Background and Study Aim As it is known, chronic resistance exercises cause limitations in some joints and this negatively affects the normal range of motion. In the present study, it was aimed to analyse the quadriceps -hamstring balance by analysing different vertical jump performances after six weeks of leg press exercise. Material and Methods Eleven university students aged between 18-30 years were included in this study. The hamstring muscle length, 1 repetition maximum (1-RM) leg press performance were analysed before and after six weeks of leg press exercise. In addition, the vertical jump performances of the participants were analysed with My Jump 2 software programme. In this study, counter movement jumps (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) performances of the participants were determined. Results According to the findings, 1 repetition maximum (1-RM) leg press performance and hamstring length of the participants improved significantly (t=-7.609, ES: -2.29, p<.001; t=-2.540, -0.76, p=.029, respectively). CMJ and SJ parameters of the participants did not change (p<0.05). It was concluded that the lengthened hamstring length after the leg press exercise programme had a positive relationship with vertical jump height (r=0.656, p=0.028), flight duration (r=0.663, p=0.026), speed (r=0.657, p=0.028), and average speed (r=0.669, p=0.024). These relationships were observed among CMJ parameters following the exercise programme. Likewise, a positive correlation was found between hamstring length, which lengthened after the leg press exercise programme, and vertical jump height (r=0.625, p=0.040), flight duration (r=0.646, p=0.032), speed (r=0.646, p=0.032), and average speed (r=0.637, p=0.035). These correlations were identified among the SJ parameters after the exercise. Conclusions As a result, it was determined that chronic leg press exercises positively affected hamstring muscle length and muscle strength. Different vertical jump performances such as CMJ and SJ did not change. However, the relationship between hamstring length and vertical jump parameters is interesting.
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    Exploring the Impact of Physical Inactivity on Digital Gaming Attitudes and Addiction among Secondary School Students
    (Romanian Assoc Balneology, 2024) Kurhan, Sebiha; Car, Bekir; Kurhan, Cihad Onur; Kurtoglu, Ahmet; Eken, Ozgur; Polat, Gulsen
    The escalating concern regarding internet and digital game addiction among pre-adolescent children and its potential link to psychological issues prompted this study, aimed at evaluating digital game addiction levels and attitudes towards gaming in secondary school students. Conducted with a sample of 897 students from Ankara, T & uuml;rkiye, the study employed a survey method, utilizing the Attitude Scale towards Digital Game Addiction and Digital Games. Results indicated significant gender differences in addiction levels and attitudes, with boys showing higher scores. Age also played a role, with seventh graders exhibiting the lowest and eighth graders the highest addiction behaviors. Notably, those engaged in martial arts games and using consoles for gaming reported the highest addiction and positive attitude scores. The study underscores the prevalent issue of digital game addiction among youths, suggesting a strong correlation with physical inactivity. It concludes that promoting physical activity is essential not only for physical health but also as a preventative measure against the development of psychological issues stemming from digital game addiction.
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    Heart rate of soccer referees during matches: A systematic review
    (2024) Stojanovi?, Stefan; İlbak, İsmail; Lili?, Ana; Kurhan, Sebiha
    The physical demands of elite soccer players can affect the activity of the referees. During a competitive match, an elite soccer referee covers 9–13 km at 85–90% of the heart rate (HR). This systematic review aimed to scrutinize the scientific literature concerning HR values in football referees during matches. The search encompassed PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases up to April 24, 2023, alongside manual searches using specific keywords. Eligible studies included controlled observational trials involving soccer referees of various levels. Fifteen articles met the criteria, focusing on average heart rate (HRavg) and maximum heart rate (HRmax) during matches. The average HRavg among the sampled referees was 163.13 ± 8.89 bpm, with HRmax averaging 191.2 ± 7.01 bpm. HRavg ranged from 137.76 to 184.9 bpm, while HRmax ranged from 169.1 to 222 bpm. Despite variations in football competition levels, the monitored variables exhibited similar values across studies. These findings underscore the importance of HR monitoring for referee training and programming to ensure they can effectively manage the physical demands of matches at all levels of competition.