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Öğe An improved adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for hydrological drought prediction in Algeria(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Achite, Mohammed; Gul, Enes; Elshaboury, Nehal; Jehanzaib, Muhammad; Mohammadi, Babak; Mehr, Ali DanandehDrought has negative impacts on water resources, food security, soil degradation, desertification and agricultural productivity. The meteorological and hydrological droughts prediction using standardized precipitation/runoff indices (SPI/SRI) is crucial for effective water resource management. In this study, we suggest ANFISWCA, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) optimized by the water cycle algorithm (WCA), for hydrological drought forecasting in semi-arid regions of Algeria. The new model was used to predict SRI at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12 -month accumulation periods in the Wadi Mina basin, Algeria. The results of the model were assessed using four criteria; determination coefficient, mean absolute error, variance accounted for, and root mean square error, and compared with those of the standalone ANFIS model. The findings suggested that throughout the testing phase at all the sub-basins, the proposed hybrid model outperformed the conventional model for estimating drought. This study indicated that the WCA algorithm enhanced the ANFIS model's drought forecasting accuracy. The pro-posed model could be employed for forecasting drought at multi-timescales, deciding on remedial strategies for dealing with drought at study stations, and aiding in sustainable water resources management.Öğe Optimizing Extreme Learning Machine for Drought Forecasting: Water Cycle vs. Bacterial Foraging(Mdpi, 2023) Mehr, Ali Danandeh; Tur, Rifat; Alee, Mohammed Mustafa; Gul, Enes; Nourani, Vahid; Shoaei, Shahrokh; Mohammadi, BabakMachine learning (ML) methods have shown noteworthy skill in recognizing environmental patterns. However, presence of weather noise associated with the chaotic characteristics of water cycle components restricts the capability of standalone ML models in the modeling of extreme climate events such as droughts. To tackle the problem, this article suggests two novel hybrid ML models based on combination of extreme learning machine (ELM) with water cycle algorithm (WCA) and bacterial foraging optimization (BFO). The new models, respectively called ELM-WCA and ELM-BFO, were applied to forecast standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) at Beypazari and Nallihan meteorological stations in Ankara province (Turkey). The performance of the proposed models was compared with those the standalone ELM considering root mean square error (RMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and graphical plots. The forecasting results for three- and six-month accumulation periods showed that the ELM-WCA is superior to its counterparts. The NSE results of the SPEI-3 forecasting in the testing period proved that the ELM-WCA improved drought modeling accuracy of the standalone ELM up to 72% and 85% at Beypazari and Nallihan stations, respectively. Regarding the SPEI-6 forecasting results, the ELM-WCA achieved the highest RMSE reduction percentage about 63% and 56% at Beypazari and Nallihan stations, respectively.Öğe Sediment transport modeling in non-deposition with clean bed condition using different tree-based algorithms(Public Library Science, 2021) Gul, Enes; Safari, Mir Jafar Sadegh; Haghighi, Ali Torabi; Mehr, Ali DanandehTo reduce the problem of sedimentation in open channels, calculating flow velocity is critical. Undesirable operating costs arise due to sedimentation problems. To overcome these problems, the development of machine learning based models may provide reliable results. Recently, numerous studies have been conducted to model sediment transport in non-deposition condition however, the main deficiency of the existing studies is utilization of a limited range of data in model development. To tackle this drawback, six data sets with wide ranges of pipe size, volumetric sediment concentration, channel bed slope, sediment size and flow depth are used for the model development in this study. Moreover, two tree-based algorithms, namely M5 rule tree (M5RT) and M5 regression tree (M5RGT) are implemented, and results are compared to the traditional regression equations available in the literature. The results show that machine learning approaches outperform traditional regression models. The tree-based algorithms, M5RT and M5RGT, provided satisfactory results in contrast to their regression-based alternatives with RMSE = 1.1 84 and RMSE = 1.071, respectively. In order to recommend a practical solution, the tree structure algorithms are supplied to compute sediment transport in an open channel flow.