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Öğe Assessment of phytotoxic and genotoxic effects of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles on maize cultivar by using RAPD analysis(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2018) Mutlu F.; Yurekli F.; Mutlu B.; Emre F.B.; Okusluk F.; Ozgul O.In this study, early phytotoxic and genotoxic effects of chemically synthesized nano-TiO2 (anatase) were investigated in seedlings of maize (Zea mays cv. Hido). Control (Hoagland) and NaCl (300 mM) groups were administered with nano-TiO2 (0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3%). Seed germination and seedling growth parameters of maize cultivar were markedly inhibited by salt stress. Nano-TiO2, without depending on concentration, was found to be ineffective on germination percentage in all administrations. On the contrary, nano-TiO2 caused significant increases in root-stem length and fresh-dry weights especially in NaCl+nano-TiO2 administrations. In salt administered samples, 0.3% nano-TiO2 increased root length 1.4 fold, stem length 4.8 fold, and fresh weight 1.2 fold. Genotoxic properties of nano-TiO2 in seedlings of maize were evaluated by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR). In RAPD analysis, 20 RAPD primers were found to produce unique polymorphic band profiles at different concentrations of nano-TiO2 maize seedlings. Genomic template stability (GTS), a qualitative measurement of changes in RAPD patterns of genomic DNA, decreased depending on increasing nano-TiO2, NaCl, and NaCl+nano-TiO2 concentrations. Therefore, it could be concluded that nano-TiO2 of appropriate dose can be used to ameliorate negative effects of salt stress by increasing growth potential of maize. © by PSP.Öğe Endogenous poly amine content in the white rot fungi Coriolus (Trametes) versicolor and Funaiia trogii(2010) Mutlu F.; Apohan E.; Kahraman S.In this study, changes in the content of polyamines (PAs) of the white rot fungi Coriolus (Trametes) versicolor ATCC 200801 and Funaiia trogii ATCC 200800 were investigated. The effects of various parameters such as initial pH, temperature, time period and the agitation rate were studied and the optimal experimental conditions were decided. Spermidine (Spd) was the most abundant polyamine in two white rot fungi. The highest Spd content was obtained at 30°C temperature, 150 rev/min agitation rate and pH 3.0 for C. versicolor for 6 day incubation period. Whereas, the highest Spd content for F. trogii was found at 40°C temperature, 50 rev/min agitation rate and pH 5.0 in 6 day incubation period. As a conclusion, our data show that white rot fungi produce spermidine at determining optimal culture conditions. Moreover our results demonstrate that it is possible to increase the endogenous Spd content by selecting the most optimal conditions.Öğe Investigation of antioxidant enzyme activities in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars depending on nitric oxide application under cadmium stress(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2018) Mutlu F.; Yurekli F.; Kirecci O.; Dengiz F.Wheat cultivars chosen for their cadmium (Cd) tolerance (Sönmez-2001) and sensitivity (Quality) were grown in Hoagland solution for 5 days and then they were treated with 50, 100 and 200?M sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, with 9 mM Cd. Samples were taken at 24th and 72nd hours after the administration. In the present study, when examining changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX, and GST) which are known as internal defense systems built up by cultivars against Cd stress, these enzymes were observed to pose different responses compared to Cd and Cd+SNP administrations. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in plant tissues were also determine comparatively in order to find out lipid peroxidation. The obtained results showed that Cd stress significantly increased lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. This increase was found to be higher at various rates in different treatments in sensitive cultivar Quality compared to tolerant cultivar Sönmez-2001. Cd+SNP treatments increased antioxidant enzyme activities throughout the applications compared to cadmium. This increase was determined to be significant especially in Quality cultivar and thus substantially reduced Cd toxicity. Some Cd+SNP treatments lead to decline in enzyme activities and decrease in lipid peroxidation. In Sönmez cultivar, Cd+100?M SNP treatment decreased catalase activity at 24th and 72nd hours compared to cadmium treatment; Cd+50?M SNP reduced GST activity at 72nd hour in both cultivars. Cd+SNP treatments increased MDA levels identified at 24th and 72nd hours in Quality cultivar compared to cadmium treatment; but it led to decrease MDA levels in Sönmez cultivar. This decrease was found as 46.40% in Cd+ 100?M SNP treatment and 51.43% in Cd+ 200?M SNP treatment at 72nd hour. Based on the decrease in MDA level in Sönmez cultivar, especially at 24th hour, Quality cultivar was found to have higher MDA content than Sönmez cultivar. NO demonstrated a reduced or counteractive effect on the Cdinduced increase in the activities of some typical antioxidant enzymes. These results indicate that SNP has great application potential for improving the growth of plants under heavy metal stress such as Cd toxicity. © by PSP.Öğe Propolis effect on sclerotial formations of Morchella conica Pers.(2005) Güler P.; Bozcuk S.; Mutlu F.; Sorkun K.In this study, the effects of propolis at different concentrations on sclerotial formations of Morchella conica Pers., were examined. The propolis used was obtained from three different regions of Turkey. The propolis extracts were prepared at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 EEP concentrations and they were added to malt extract agar. During the incubation period of 10 days, the mycelium of control group developed rhizomorphic and parallel on the surface of agar medium and there was no pigmentation. On the other hand, the mycelium did not develop normally on the agar medium in the presence of propolis but the sclerotial formations were observed. The sclerotial cells were spherical in form, with thick walls and they were characterised with different pigmentations.
