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Öğe Development of the hardness, three-point bending, and wear behavior of self-lubricating Cu-5Gr/Al2O3-Cr3C2 hybrid composites(Sage Publications Ltd, 2023) Sap, Serhat; Usca, Usame Ali; Uzun, Mahir; Giasin, Khaled; Pimenov, Danil YuThis research aims to assess the mechanical characteristics of high-performance copper composites made utilizing powder metallurgy. The composites were produced by adding reinforcement elements (Al2O3-Cr3C2) at different rates (3-6-9 wt.%) into copper-graphite (Cu-5Gr) via hot pressing technique. The microstructure, hardness, three-point bending and wear performance were analysed. The results determined that hybrid reinforced composites exhibited higher density, hardness and bending strength compared to Cu-Gr composites. The highest hardness of 73.02 HB was found in the CG-4 (copper graphit-4) sample. The maximum bending stress of 151.06 MPa occurred in sample CG-2. In addition, it was observed that the wear resistance increased significantly with the addition of the hybrid reinforcements. The lowest specific wear rate of 7.961 x 10(-7) mm(3)/N.m occurred in sample CG-6. As a result, 15.92%, 58.16% and 83.21% improvements were achieved in hardness, bending strength and wear performance, respectively. The current work indicates that certain mechanical properties of copper can be improved via the powder metallurgy process and the addition of reinforcements which could expand the applications and use of this metal in different industries.Öğe Estimation, optimization and analysis based investigation of the energy consumption in machinability of ceramic-based metal matrix composite materials(Elsevier, 2022) Usca, Usame Ali; Sap, Serhat; Uzun, Mahir; Kuntoglu, Mustafa; Salur, Emin; Karabiber, Abdulkerim; Pimenov, Danil YuThe current study aims to determine the influence of machining and production parameters during the milling of Cu/B-CrC composites. The relationship between energy consumption and cutting speed, feed rate and reinforcement ratio were investigated. For this purpose, 2d and 3d graphs for comparison of the effects of input parameters were demonstrated and analyzed. The predictability of the energy consumption during milling was measured by a fuzzy inference system (FIS). According to the graphical and optimization results, the optimum conditions to obtain the minimum energy consumption were 5% reinforcement ratio, 125 m/min cutting speed and 0.2 mm/rev feed rate. A reinforcement ratio of 52.71% was the most effective factor on energy demand followed by the feed rate (24.26%) and cutting speed (12.85%). According to the obtained results, there was a minor margin of error between the actual and predicted findings ranging from 1.6 to 2.4%. Considering the energy consumption is one of the key factors among machinability criteria, the study proposes a comprehensive approach for industrial and academic works. (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Öğe Investigation of machinability of Ti-B-SiCp reinforced Cu hybrid composites in dry turning(Elsevier, 2022) Sap, Serhat; Uzun, Mahir; Usca, Usame Ali; Pimenov, Danil Yu; Giasin, Khaled; Wojciechowski, SzymonMMCs (metal matrix composites) are widely used in many industrial applications thanks to their high specific strength. Nevertheless, this also poses a great challenge to their machinability due to rapid tool wear and poor surface finish caused by the added reinforcement particles. Improving the machinability of MMCs is of great importance as it will increase their performance and areas of applications. In this study, the machinability of Cu composites reinforced with Ti-B-SiC powder particles (0-2-4-6-8 wt.%) produced at different rates using powder metallurgy method was investigated. Cutting speed (V-c: 100-150 m/min) and feed rate (f(n): 0.2-0.4 mm/rev) were used as cutting parameters. The effects of these parameters on surface roughness, flank wear, and cutting temperature were investigated. As a result of the turning experiments, it was observed that the surface roughness decreased with increasing reinforcement ratio, and thus the best surface roughness (R-a = 0.22 mu m) was observed in the 8 wt.% reinforced sample. The cutting temperature and flank wear values increased as the reinforcement ratio increased. It was observed that cutting temperature at the chip-tool interface was the lowest (76 degrees C) in MMCs sample with 2 wt.% reinforcement. The lowest flank wear (0.93 mm) was also observed in the 2 wt.% reinforced sample. In addition, the chip morphologies of all samples produced at different ratios were investigated after the turning process. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.Öğe Investigation on microstructure, mechanical, and tribological performance of Cu base hybrid composite materials(Elsevier, 2021) Sap, Serhat; Uzun, Mahir; Usca, Usame Ali; Pimenov, Danil Yu; Giasin, Khaled; Wojciechowski, SzymonCopper matrix composites (CMC) are frequently used in the automotive, aerospace, construction, and electrical-electronics industries. Properties such as low density, improved fatigue strength, high hardness, and high specific strength are the factors that make copper matrix composites important. The development of these factors is important for the industrial use of copper matrix composites. SiCp doped metal matrix composites have better mechanical properties than pure alloys. It is also known that Ti, B powder particle additives improve the mechanical properties of the main matrix. In this study, Cu hybrid composites reinforced with Ti-B-SiCp powders, which were not produced before, were obtained and their microstructure, density, hardness, and wear behavior were investigated. Composite materials produced by powder metallurgy method were prepared at 2-8 wt. % mixing ratios. Then each material was sintered at temperatures of 950-100-1050 degrees C. Microstructural images showed homogenous distribution in the composite material. The highest relative density of 93% was obtained in the composite material with a 2% reinforcement rate at 1050 degrees C. It was found that the hardness increased with the increase of the reinforcement rate up to 6 wt.% and then decreased after that. It was observed that the specific wear rate increased with the increasing reinforcement ratio. In addition, the lowest friction coefficient and wear temperature occurred at a sintering temperature of 1050 degrees C. In this study, it was reported that the sinter temperature value of 1050 degrees C is the optimum temperature value in terms of the tribological and mechanical performance of the materials. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.Öğe Tool wear, surface roughness, cutting temperature and chips morphology evaluation of Al/TiN coated carbide cutting tools in milling of Cu-B-CrC based ceramic matrix composites(Elsevier, 2022) Usca, Usame Ali; Uzun, Mahir; Sap, Serhat; Kuntoglu, Mustafa; Giasin, Khaled; Pimenov, Danil Yu; Wojciechowski, SzymonCeramics-based composites are a special class of materials carrying combined properties that belongs to alloys and metals according to market demands. This makes composites completely different and paves the way for new applications that requires the utmost properties. Machining of such composites is of great importance to finalize the fabrication process with improved part quality; however, the process implies several challenges due to the complexity of the cutting processes and random material structure. The current study aims to examine the machinability characteristics when milling novel material, Cu-B-CrC composites using Al/TiN coated carbide tools. Further, the influence of machining parameters along with the different weight ratios of the powders amounts used to fabricate the machined reinforced samples on output parameters namely surface roughness, tool wear, chip morphology and cutting temperatures was investigated. One of the key findings of the study is the dominant effect of reinforcement ratio (Cu, B, CrC) on machinability, which showed that 5% additive (2% B, 3% CrC) provides improved properties such as surface roughness, tool wear and cutting temperature. Cutting speed alterations play an important role in the machinability characteristics, i.e., increasing value increases flank wear and cutting temperatures and reduces surface roughness. Increasing feed rate in-creases the surface roughness meanwhile its effect shows changing behavior on the flank wear and cutting temperatures according to cutting speed and reinforcement ratio.(c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).