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    Clinicopathological Features of Two Extremely Rare Hepatocellular Carcinoma Variants: a Brief Review of Fibrolamellar and Scirrhous Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    (Springer, 2020) Samdanci, Emine Turkmen; Akatli, Ayse Nur; Soylu, Nese Karadag
    Purpose We aimed to distinguish between fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma and scirrhous hepatocellular carcinoma histopathologically. Methods and results In this review, fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma and scirrhous hepatocellular carcinoma two specific and rare variants of hepatocellular carcinoma, which are difficult to diagnose histopathologically are discussed. Conclusion The clinical, radiological, gross, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of these two tumors, which are defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), are mentioned.
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    Coiled-coil domain-containing protein-124 (Ccdc124) is a novel RNA binding factor up-regulated in endometrial, ovarian, and urinary bladder cancers
    (Ios Press, 2021) Arslan, Ozge; Soylu, Nese Karadag; Akillilar, Pelin Telkoparan; Tazebay, Uygar H.
    BACKGROUND: Coiled-coil domain containing protein-124 (Ccdc124) is a putative mRNA-binding factor associated with cell division, and ribosome biology. Previous reports mentioned an up-regulation of CCDC124 gene in cancer, and listed its mRNA in a molecular prognostic signature in breast cancer. OBJECTIVES: Establishing RNA-binding characteristics of Ccdc124 for a better molecular functional characterization, and carrying-out retrospective studies in order to evaluate its aberrant expression in human cancer samples from various tissue origins. METHODS: Bioinformatics calculations followed by RIP and RNA-seq experiments were performed to investigate mRNA targets of Ccdc124. Quantitative studies on arrays of cDNAs from different cancers and IHC assays on tissue arrays were used to assess CCDC124 expression levels in cancers. RESULTS: Ccdc124 was characterized as an RNA-binding protein (RBP) interacting with various mRNAs. CCDC124 mRNA levels were high in tumors, with a particular up-regulation in cancers from esophagus, adrenal gland, endometrium, liver, ovary, thyroid, and urinary bladder. IHC assays indicated strong Ccdc124 positivity in endometrial (95.4%), urinary bladder (68.4%), and ovarian cancers (86.8%). CONCLUSION: Ccdc124 is a cytokinesis related RBP interacting with various mRNAs. CCDC124 mRNA over-expression and an accompanied increase in Ccdc124 protein accumulation was reported in cancers, indicating this RBP as a novel cancer cell marker.
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    Gastrointestinal amyloidosis occurring in three different patterns: Case series
    (2019) Çalışkan, Ali Rıza; Çağın, Yasir Furkan; Bilgiç, Yılmaz; Yıldırım, Oğuzhan; Erdoğan, Mehmet Ali; Seçkin, Yüksel; Alan, Saadet; Soylu, Nese Karadag
    Abstract: Systemic amyloidosis is a rare disease characterized by extracellular accumulation of amyloid protein in one or more organs. In patients with systemic amyloidosis, the most frequently affected organs are kidney and heart, followed by the nervous system, soft tissues, and lungs. Small bowel and liver involvement are also frequent in systemic amyloidosis. Gastrointestinal (GI) findings are common, and the degree of organ involvement determines the symptoms. Patients usually have nonspecific findings such as abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, and dysphagia, which may delay the appropriate diagnosis. Liver involvement occurs in the majority of patients, but the symptoms typically do not happen unless a marked hepatic amyloid deposition occurs. Diagnosis is by tissue biopsy. Treatment and prognosis depend on the underlying disease. GI system involvement is a sign of poor prognosis. In this case series, five patients who were diagnosed with gastrointestinal system amyloidosis in our clinic are presented.
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    Letter to the editor: Liver transplantation following severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 vaccination-induced liver failure
    (Wiley, 2022) Efe, Cumali; Harputluoglu, Murat; Soylu, Nese Karadag; Yilmaz, Sezai
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Prognostic significance of epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations and human epidermal growth factor 2 expression in breast carcinoma metastatic to the liver
    (Middle Eastern Assoc Cancer Research, 2019) Yilmaz, Tugba Biri; Akatli, Ayse Nur; Samdanci, Emine; Soylu, Nese Karadag; Bag, Harika Gozukara; Akpolat, Nusret
    Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among females, and metastatic disease is not curable and is treated palliatively. Members of the ErbB family have an important role in the development and progression of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, hormone receptor statuses, and clinicopathological parameters in liver metastases from breast cancer. Materials and Methods: This study included 41 patients diagnosed with liver metastasis from breast carcinoma, based on morphological and immunohistochemical findings, in our pathology laboratory between 2011 and 2018. EGFR gene mutations were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in these cases. Results: EGFR gene mutation analysis was performed by PCR, and no mutations were detected. HER2 and ER statuses of the primary breast tumor were available in 23 cases. HER2 status conversions were present in 9 cases (39.1%); however, this was not statistically significant (P = 0.197). Estrogen receptor (ER) conversions were present in 4 cases (17.4%); however, this was not statistically significant (P = 1.000). Progesterone receptor (PR) conversions were detected in 10 cases (45.5%). There were 10 (45.5%) cases with PR-positive primary tumors and PR-negative liver metastases. No cases with a PR-negative primary tumor developed a PR-positive liver metastasis (P = 0.02). Conclusions: No EGFR gene mutations were detected in any of our cases by PCR. There was no statistically significant relationship between clinicopathological parameters and EGFR mutation. The comparison of ER, PR, and HER2 expression between the primary tumor and metastases revealed status conversions in some cases. However, only PR conversion was statistically significant. Studies on EGFR gene mutations that include larger series are warranted to identify the candidates who can benefit from targeted therapies.
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    Update on Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a Brief Review from Pathologist Standpoint
    (Springer, 2020) Soylu, Nese Karadag
    Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancers and an important health problem all over the world. Its prognosis is poor. For better patient care, early diagnosis is essential. Although new imaging techniques have a big impact on hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis, histopathological examination is still the gold standard for precise diagnosis. Histopathological evaluation gives exact diagnosis in the meaning of tumor size, histological subtypes, grading, and differential diagnosis from metastasis and other tumors. Immunohistochemistry as a part of diagnostic histopathological technique plays an important role in routine practice. Immunohistochemistry is useful for confirming of hepatocytic origin, supporting hepatocellular malignancy, and differential diagnosis. It also gives prognostic information. There are growing attempts to classify tumors by their molecular genetic signatures. This is also actual for hepatocellular carcinoma. This mini review focuses on the histopathology of hepatocellular carcinoma including subtypes; differential diagnosis and immunohistochemistry as an ancillary diagnostic tool, updated or added entities, i.e., combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma; small hepatocellular carcinoma; correlation with molecular studies; and future perspectives.