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Öğe Antibacterial Effects of Fluoride-Releasing Orthodontic Composites: A Pilot Study(Aves Press Ltd, 2011) Ozturk, Firat; Toy, Ebubekir; Arslan, Ugur; Hatunoglu, ErdemAim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effects of 3 different fluoride-releasing orthodontic composites using a direct contact test (DCT). Materials and Methods: The antibacterial properties of fluoride releasing orthodontic composites were evaluated with the DCT. For the DCT, wells (n=8) of 96-microtitre plates were coated with the tested bonding adhesives [Transbond Plus (3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA) Light Bond (Reliance Ortho Prod. Inc. Itasca, IL, USA) Kurasper F (Kuraray Medical Inc. Okayama, Japan)]. Kalzinol (Zinc-Oxide Eugenol Cement) (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany was used as a positive control material. A Streptococcus mutans suspension was placed on the surface of each specimen for 1 hour at 37 degrees C. Bacterial growth was monitored for 16 hours with a temperature-controlled microplate spectrophotometer. The kinetics of the outgrowth in each well was recorded continuously at 650 nm every 30 minutes. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, as well as by Tamhane's T2 multiple comparison test. The level of significance was determined as P < 0.05. Results: The evaluation of the results of the DCT revealed that there were statistically significant differences between the four groups (F=156,951, P=0.000). The control material (Kalzinol) showed complete inhibition of bacterial growth (mean 0.01 +/- 0.05). The multiple comparison test indicated that there were no significant difference in bacterial growth between Kalzinol and Transbond Plus (mean 0.12 +/- 0.17) (P=0.509).. Kurasper F (mean 0.73 +/- 0.06) and Light Bond (mean 0.85 +/- 0.02) showed statistically significant differences (P=0.000) compared to Kalzinol. Conclusion: Transbond Plus showed marked antibacterial effects.Öğe Assessment of Reliability of Three Different Computer-Assisted Analysis Programs(Aves Press Ltd, 2013) Toy, Ebubekir; Malkoc, Siddik; Altindis, Sedat; Aksakalli, SertacObjective: The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of cephalometric analysis using 3 different digital analysis programs. Methods: For this study, a dry human skull with the entire mandible, maxilla, and teeth was used. Fifteen lateral and 15 posteroanterior cephalometric digital images were taken by rotating the skull from 08 to 6148 at 28 intervals to obtain different images. Two researchers located the landmarks on the digital images independently using 3 computer-assisted analysis programs, Dolphin Image Software (Dolphin Imaging and Management Solutions), Quick Ceph Image (Quick Ceph Systems Inc), and Vistadent OC (GAC Int Inc). Following the first measurements (T1), all landmarks were relocated within a 2-week interval (T2) by each examiner. A paired and the independent Student t tests were used for intraexaminer and interexaminer measurements, and Pearson correlations were obtained. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to determine intraexaminer repeatability. Results: For the repeated measurements, mean differences were statistically insignificant, and high correlations for the repeated measurements were found, and the intraexaminer correlations were significant for each examiner (p <.001). When the interexaminer correlations of 3 analyses were compared, interexaminer correlations showed high consistency and the lowest Pearson r value was the same angular measurement (S ant-n-ss) (p <.001). ICC values demonstrated high intraexaminer repeatability. The highest value of ICC was the mandibular body length (go-me) for both examiners (p <.001). Conclusion: The 3 tested analysis programs may be accepted as reliable for clinical use.Öğe Comparison of pharyngeal airway volume among different vertical skeletal patterns: A cone-beam computed tomography study(E H Angle Education Research Foundation, Inc, 2014) Celikoglu, Mevlut; Bayram, Mehmet; Sekerci, Ahmet E.; Buyuk, Suleyman K.; Toy, EbubekirObjective: To test the null hypothesis that there are no significant differences in pharyngeal airway volumes among adult patients with different vertical skeletal patterns and a clinically normal sagittal skeletal pattern using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: The study sample consisted of 100 adult patients (45 men and 55 women; mean age = 24.0 +/- 5.3 years) with a normal sagittal skeletal pattern divided into three groups according to the vertical skeletal patterns: high angle (32 patients: 15 women and 17 men), low angle (34 patients: 14 women and 20 men), and normal angle (34 patients: 16 women and 18 men) groups. Nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and total airway volumes of patients in all vertical groups were calculated. Group differences were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey tests. Results: Nasopharyngeal airway volume in the high-angle group (mean = 6067.9 +/- 1693.9 mm(3)) was significantly lower than that of the low- and normal-angle groups (P < .01). Oropharyngeal airway volume was highest in the low-angle group (mean = 15,957.6 +/- 6817.2 mm(3)) and significantly decreased in the control (mean = 11,826.1 +/- 4831.9 mm(3); P = .008) and high angle (mean = 10,869.1 +/- 4084.1 mm(3); P = .001) groups. Total airway volume was highest in the low-angle group (mean = 24,261.6 +/- 8470.1 mm(3)) and lowest in the high-angle group (mean = 16,937.0 +/- 5027.4 mm(3); P < .001). Conclusion: The null hypothesis was rejected. Significant differences were found in pharyngeal airway volumes among different skeletal vertical patterns.Öğe Damon braketleri: literatür derlemesi(İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2013) Karataş, Orhan Hakkı; Toy, EbubekirOrtodontik tedavilerde ark telini brakete bağlamak amacıyla sıklıkla paslanmaz çelik ligatürler veya elastomerik ligatürler kullanılmaktadır. Ancak bağlamaya (ligasyona) gerek duyulmayan self ligating (kendinden bağlamalı) braketlerin, örneğin SPEED, Twinlock ve Damon gibi, ortodonti uygulamalarına girmesi birçok avantajı beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu literatür derlemesinin amacı, Damon braket sisteminin felsefesi, özellikleri, avantajları ve dezavantajları konusunda mevcut bilgileri derlemektir.Öğe Effects of contemporary orthodontic composites on tooth color following short-term fixed orthodontic treatment: a controlled clinical study(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2015) Corekci, Bayram; Toy, Ebubekir; Ozturk, Firat; Malkoc, Siddik; Ozturk, BoraBackground/aim: To determine the color alterations of natural teeth associated with different orthodontic composites used in comprehensive short-term treatment. Materials and methods: Twenty-two patients were treated with fixed appliances and 22 untreated subjects were also evaluated. Lower incisors were bonded with different orthodontic composites: 42 with Grengloo, 41 with Light Bond, 31 with Kurasper F, and 32 with Transbond XT. The color parameters of the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) were measured for each tooth with a spectrophotometer. Color assessment in relation to time, adhesive material, and their interaction was made with 2-way mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) and 1-way ANOVA for the color differences (Delta E*). Further analyses were done using Tukey's honestly significant difference tests and paired-samples t-tests. Results: The color of teeth was affected by treatment. The mean L* and a* values increased, whereas the mean b* values decreased. Total color differences of teeth demonstrated visible color changes clinically after treatment, ranging from 1.12 to 3.34 Delta E units. However, there were no significant differences for color of enamel. Conclusion: Teeth may be discolored with fixed appliances during treatment. Moreover, contemporary orthodontic composites have similar effects of enamel discoloration.Öğe Effects of different rapid maxillary expansion appliances on facial soft tissues using three-dimensional imaging(E H Angle Education Research Foundation, Inc, 2016) Altindis, Sedat; Toy, Ebubekir; Basciftci, Faruk AyhanObjective: To determine three-dimensional (3D) effects of three different rapid maxillary expansion (RME) appliances on facial soft tissues. Materials and Methods: Forty-two children (18 boys, 24 girls) who required RME treatment were included in this study. Patients were randomly divided into three equal groups: banded RME, acrylic splint RME, and modified acrylic splint RME. For each patient, 3D images were obtained before treatment (T1) and at the end of the 3-month retention (T2) with the 3dMD system. Results: When three RME appliances were compared in terms of the effects on the facial soft tissues, there were no significant differences among them. The mouth and nasal width showed a significant increase in all groups. Although the effect of the acrylic splint RME appliances on total face height was less than that of the banded RME, there was no significant difference between the appliances. The effect of the modified acrylic splint appliance on the upper lip was significant according to the volumetric measurements (P < .01). Conclusions: There were no significant differences among three RME appliances on the facial soft tissues. The modified acrylic splint RME produced a more protrusive effect on the upper lip.Öğe Effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on bone formation after the expansion of the inter-premaxillary suture in rats: a histologic and immunohistochemical study(Sciendo, 2014) Toy, Ebubekir; Ozturk, Firat; Altindis, Sedat; Kozacioglu, Sumeyye; Toy, HaticeBackground: Orthodontic maxillary expansion is a commonly-performed treatment approach to correct transverse maxillary deficiencies by separating the mid-palatal suture. To obtain a successful treatment result and prevent relapse, the expanded maxillary sutures require maintenance by means of qualified bone reorganisation. Aim: To assess the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on sutural bone formation after the expansion of the interpremaxillary suture in rats. Methods: Sixteen male Wistar rats, 6 to 8-week old, were used. The expansion appliance comprised a helical spring fabricated from 0.014 inch stainless steel wire (Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany). The rats were divided into two equal groups and randomly assigned to the LIPUS treatment group or a sham-operation group. LIPUS was delivered via a 2.5 cm diameter ultrasound transducer (Exogen, Smith and Nephews, Inc., Memphis, TN, USA) for 20 minutes per day during 7 days of postexpansion retention. Following retention, the rats' maxillae were surgically removed and histologic and immunohistochemical specimens were prepared and examined. Results: The number of osteoblasts and blood vessel dimensions in the ultrasound group increased but was not significant, compared with the control group. A statistically significant difference in osteocalcin, VEGF and TGF-beta immunoreactivities (p < 0.01) was found in the area of the mineralising tissue. Only VEGF immunoreactivity was significant between two groups (p < 0.01) in the fibrous tissue area. Conclusions: The area of mineralising tissue in the LIPUS-applied group expressed activity markers for osteocalcin, VEGF and TGF-beta compared with a surrounding area of fibrous tissue. Cellular activation in the LIPUS group was greater than that of controls. Therefore, LIPUS may be accepted as a useful approach to enhance sutural bone formation. (Aust Orthod J 2014; 30: 176-183)Öğe Effects of strontium ranelate on sutural bone formation: a histological and immunohistochemical study(Australian Soc Orthodontists Inc, 2016) Karatas, Orhan H.; Toy, Ebubekir; Demir, Abdullah; Toy, Hatice; Kozacioglu, SumeyyeAim: Rapid maxillary expansion is performed to correct a skeletal transverse deficiency of the maxilla, which is a frequently encountered orthodontic anomaly. Strontium ranelate (SrR) is a novel agent that has a dual action, involving anti-resorptive and bone-forming effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of systemically applied SrR on osteoblastic bone formation after maxillary expansion on the mid-palatal suture of rats using histological and immunohistochemical tests. Materials and methods: A total of 24 Wistar rats were randomly divided into two equal groups. In all animals, five-day inter-premaxillary expansion was applied and maintained for a seven-day retention period, during which 625mg/kg/day SrR diluted with saline solution was administered orally to the experimental group. The rats were sacrificed and the tissues prepared for histological and immunohistochemical examinations after the retention period. Results: Osteoblastic activity and the width of the blood vessels in the suture area were significantly increased in the SrR group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Ossification was also observed to be active under light microscopy by staining with hematoxylin and eosin in the experimental group. Immunohistochemical labelling performed using osteonectin, osteocalcin, TGF-beta and VEGF antibodies revealed significant immunoreactivity in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It may be concluded that SrR contributed to stimulatory osteogenesis in the expansion region. Therefore, a retention period may be shortened and relapse possibly reduced, following the application of SrR after the expansion.Öğe The effects of the Pendulum distalising appliance and cervical headgear on the dentofacial structures(Sciendo, 2011) Toy, Ebubekir; Enacar, AyhanBackground: Headgears are effective in distalising maxillary molars, but success depends on patient compliance and tolerance. Intra-oral distalising appliances are simple to construct and use and may be a better alternative for patients who are non-compliant or cannot tolerate headgear. Aims: To compare the Pendulum (PEN) appliance and cervical headgear (CHG) on distal movement of maxillary first molars in patients requiring maxillary molar distalisation. Methods: Thirty patients were randomly divided into two groups. Both groups had comparable occlusal and cephalometric characteristics before treatment. Fifteen patients (9 girls, 6 boys) with a mean age of 11.45 +/- 1.54 years (Range: 8.58-13.50 years) were treated with Pendulum appliances and 15 patients (10 girls, 5 boys) with a mean age of 11.72 +/- 1.24 years (Range: 9.58-13.33 years) were treated with a Ricketts-type CHG. A pilot study of four patients estimated that the time required to distalise the maxillary molars with the Pendulum appliance was five months. Therefore, the end of treatment records for the CHG group were taken after 4.96 +/- 0.35 months. Lateral and postero-anterior cephalometric radiographs were taken of both groups at the start (T1) and end of distalisation/treatment (T2). Changes in cephalometric measurements in the two groups were compared with Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Measurements indicated that U6-ANS distance, overjet and U1-APo distance increased, U6-PP angle and U6-PTV distance reduced, and the molar relationship improved more in the PEN group compared with the CHG group. Statistically, significant right molar - left molar differences were found between the two groups. Distalisation produced significant side effects, resulting in distal tipping of the first molars and an increase in overjet, whereas the CHG reduced the overjet. Conclusion: The Pendulum appliance was more effective than the CHG in distalising the maxillary first molars.Öğe Effects of Time Delay on Degree of Conversion of Contemporary Orthodontic Band Adhesives(Aves Press Ltd, 2013) Corekci, Bayram; Toy, Ebubekir; Malkoc, Siddik; Ozturk, Bora; Gunduz, S. BenizObjective: For prolonged use in the oral cavity, orthodontic band adhesives should have certain physical properties to ensure the best clinical performance. The degree of conversion (DC) of orthodontic band adhesives has been found to affect their mechanical properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of time delay on the DC of orthodontic band adhesives. Materials and Methods: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to evaluate the DC of 3 adhesives (Bisco Ortho Band Paste LC, Multi Cure Glass Ionomer Band Cement, Transbond Plus Light Cure Band Adhesive) immediately after they had been polymerized and stored in artificial saliva at 37 +/- 1 degrees C for 30 days. Thirty disc-shaped specimens (10 for each adhesive) were fabricated in Teflon molds (6.0 x 1.0 mm). The samples for each adhesive were divided further into 2 groups (n=5). Results: The DC was significantly influenced by the band adhesive type (p < 0.05), and there were significant differences among band adhesive types for the DC after 30 days. Conclusion: The value of the DC could change with time delay.Öğe Evaluation of Effects of Orthodontic Malocclusions on Duration of Treatment with Regard to the Labor/Cost Concept(Aves Press Ltd, 2015) Ersoz, Mustafa; Toy, Ebubekir; Cakir, EzgiObjective: The purpose of this study was to compare the treatment duration and fees of Angle Class I, II, and III malocclusions. Methods: In this retrospective study, the samples were selected from the files of 450 patients treated at the Department of Orthodontics, Inonu University. The files of patients whose treatments were completed as planned were included in the study. In total, 387 patients (137 males and 250 females) met this criterion (mean age: 14.65 years). Patients were divided into three groups: treatment duration less than 20 months (group A), between 20-30 months (group B), and more than 30 months (group C). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-tests were conducted to determine the difference in treatment duration between the groups and sexes. Results: From the 387 patients, 78 (20.2%) had Class I, 254 (65.6%) had Class II, and 55 (14.2%) had Class III malocclusion. The average treatment duration was 27.82 months (males: 31.82 months, females: 29.33 months). There were no statistically significant differences between the sexes according to the treatment duration. The average treatment duration according to malocclusions was 26.24 months for Class I, 28.22 months for Class II, and 28.21 months for Class III. The distribution of the groups according to treatment duration was as follows: Group A: 72 (18.6%), Group B: 173 (44.7%), and Group C: 142 (36.7%) patients. The relationship between the treatment durations and Angle classifications was not statistically significant (p=0.216). Conclusion: This study showed that there were severe anomalies and problematic malformations within each Angle classification because no statistically significant difference among the malocclusion classes in terms of the duration of treatment was found. Therefore, besides the anomaly type, the treatment duration and effort put into the work should also be taken into consideration in determining the treatment charge.Öğe Evaluation of salivary total oxidant-antioxidant status and DNA damage of children undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy(E H Angle Education Research Foundation, Inc, 2015) Guler, Cigdem; Toy, Ebubekir; Ozturk, Firat; Gunes, Dilek; Karabulut, Aysun Bay; Otlu, OnderObjective: To determine the total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and the 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels and their interrelationship in the saliva of children undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy. Materials and Methods: Thirty children were randomly divided into three groups. The attachments were bonded to all of the teeth using three different orthodontic composites: Transbond XT, Kurasper F, and GrenGloo. The salivary levels of TOS, TAS, and 8-OHdG were determined three times, as follows: before treatment (T-1) and at 1 month (T-2) and 3 months (T-3) following appliance placement. All data were statistically analyzed. Results: There were no significant differences in TOS, TAS, and 8-OHdG within the same time periods among the three different orthodontic composites (P > .05). TAS in all composite groups decreased over time. These decreases were found to be significant for Kurasper F and GrenGloo at the T1 T3 and T2 T3 time periods (P < .05). In all composite groups 8-OHdG decreased between T1 and T2 (P < .05). However, 8-OHdG in all composite groups increased from T2 to T3. These differences in 8-OHdG were significant in Kurasper F and GrenGloo (P < .05). Conclusions: Fixed orthodontic appliances bonded with the tested composites did not increase the cytotoxicity markers in saliva.Öğe Evaluation of the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the buccal epithelial cells of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with three light-cured bonding composites by using micronucleus testing(Korean Assoc Orthodontists, 2014) Toy, Ebubekir; Yuksel, Sengul; Ozturk, Firat; Karatas, Orhan Hakki; Yalcin, VuhammetObjective: This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of fixed orthodontic treatment with three different light-cured orthodontic bonding composites by analyzing micronucleus (MN) formation in the buccal mucosa during a 6-month period. Methods: Thirty healthy volunteers were selected from consecutive patients referred for orthodontic treatment. Equilibrium 2 brackets and molar tubes (Dentaurum) were bonded with three different lightcured orthodontic bonding composites Transbond XT (3M Unitek), Kurasper F (Kuraray Europe), or GrenGloo (Ormco Corporation) to all teeth in both arches. Exfoliated buccal epithelial cells were scraped from the middle part of the inner cheeks with sterile cement spatulas before treatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. MNs and nuclear alterations, such as karyorrhexis (KR), karyolysis (KL), and binucleated cells (BNs), were scored under a light microscope. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to calculate statistical differences in degenerative nuclear abnormalities. Results: MN rates did not significantly differ among different time points within the same cell type (p > 0.05). in contrast, the number of BNs in buccal epithelial cells significantly increased in all composite groups (p < 0.01, Transbond XT; p < 0.001, Kurasper F and GrenGloo). KL frequency significantly increased between the beginning and end of the study in the Kurasfer F (0.80 + 0.79 to 1.90 + 1.10; p <0.05) and GrenGloo (1.30 + 1.06 to 2.40 + 1.08; p <0.05) groups. Conclusions: After 6 months of fixed orthodontic treatment with different light-cured composites, morphological signs of cytotoxicity were observed but genotoxic effects were absent.Öğe Flor salınımı yapan ortodontik kompozitlerin antibakteriyel etkileri: Pilot çalışma(Türk Ortodonti Dergisi, 2011) Öztürk, Fırat; Toy, Ebubekir; Arslan, Uğur; Hatunoğlu, ErdemÖz: Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Direkt Kontakt Testi (DKT) kullanılarak; üç farklı tipte flor salınımı yapan ortodontik kompozitin antibakteriyel özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesidir. Gereçler ve Yöntem: Flor salınımı yapan ortodontik kompozitlerin antibakteriyel özellikleri DKT kullanılarak değerlendirildi. DKT için doksan altı kuyucuklu kültür kabının duvarları her grupta 8 örnek olacak şekilde test materyalleri ile [Transbond Plus (3M Lnitek, Monrovia, ABD) Light Bond (Reliance Ortho Prod. Inc. Itasca, İL, ABDi Kurasper F 'Kuraray Medical Inc., Okayama, laponya)] kaplandı. Pozitif kontrol materyali olarak Kalzinol (çinko oksit öjenol siman) Dentsply, Konstanz, Almanya) kullanıldı. Streptococus mutans süspansiyonu örneklerin yüzey alanına uygulanarak î7°C'de bir saat bekletildi. Bakteri üremesi, ısı kontrollü spektrofotometre ile 16 saat boyunca gözlemlendi. Herbir kuyucuktaki üremenin kinetiği her 30 dakikada bir 650 nm düzeyinde sürekli olarak kaydedildi. Veriler tek yönlü ANOVA testinin yanı sıra TamHane'ın T2 çoklu karşılaştırma testi ile incelendi. İstatistiksel önem seviyesi P<0.05 olarak belirlendi. Bulgular: DKT sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi dört grup arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklar olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. (F= 156,951, P= 0.000). Kontrol materyali olan Kalzinol bakteri üremesini tamamen engellemiştir (ortalama 0.01 ±0.05). Çoklu karşılaştırma testi, Kalzinol ve Transbond Plus {ortalama 0.12±0.17) arasında anlamlı bir fark olmadığını göstermiştir (P= 0.509) Transbond Plus, Kalzinol ile hemen hemen benzer etkinlik sergilemiştir (Şekil I). Kurasjjer F (ortalama 0.73±0.06) ve Light Borxl (ortalama 0.85±0.02) ise KalzinoVle karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark göstermiştir (P= 0.000) Sonuç: Transbond Plus belirgin antibakteriyel etkinlik göstermiştir. (Türk Ortodonti Dergisi 2011;24: 3-12) Başlık (İngilizce): Antibacterial effects of fluoride-releasing orthodontic composites: A pilot study Öz (İngilizce): Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effects of 3 different fluoride-releasing orthodontic composites using a direct contact test (OC T). Materials and Methods: The antibacterial properties of fluoride releasing orthodontic composites were evaluated with the OCT. Fur the OCT, wells (n-H) of 96-microtitre plates were coated with the tested bonding adhesives [Transbond Plus (3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA) Light Bond (Reliance Ortho Prod. Inc. Itasca, IL, USA) Kurasper F (Kuraray Medical Inc. Okayama, Japan)}. Kalzinol (Zinc-Oxide Lugenol Cement) (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany was used as a positive control material. A Streptococcus mutans suspension was placed on the surface of each specimen for I hour at }7°C. Bacterial growth was monitored for 16 hours w ith a temperature controlled microplate spectrophotometer. The kinetics of the outgrowth in each well was recorded continuously at (->50 nm every 30 minutes. The data were analyzed by one way ANOVA, as well as by Tamhane's T2 multiple comparison test. The level of significance was determined as P< 0.05. Results: The evaluation of the results of the OCT revealed that there were statistically significant differences between the four groups (F- 156,951, P= 0.000). The control material (Kalzinol) showed complete inhibition of bacterial growth (mean 0.01 ±0,05). The multiple comparison test indicated that there were no significant difference in bacterial growth between Kalzinol and Transbond Plus (mean 0.12±0.17) (P= 0.509).. Kurasper F (mean 0.73±0.06) and Light Bond (mean 0.85±0.02) showed statistically significant differences fP= 0.000) compared to Kalzinol. Conclusion: Transbond Plus showed marked antibacterial effects. (Turkish J Orthod 2011: 24: 3-12)Öğe Genotoxic effects of banding procedure with different orthodontic cements on human oral mucosa cells(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2012) Ozturk, Firat; Yuksel, Sengul; Toy, Ebubekir; Kurtoglu, Elcin Latife; Kucuk, Eyup BurakAim: To assess the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of banding procedure with 5 different orthodontic cements on human oral buccal epithelium cells. Materials and methods: Fifty healthy volunteers (mean age: 14.54 +/- 2.37 years) were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10. Preformed stainless steel molar bands (3M Unitek) were cemented to the upper and lower first molar teeth with 5 different orthodontic cements (Durelon, GC Fuji Ortho Band LC Paste Pak, Meron, Ultra Band Lok, and 3M Unitek Multi Cure) in each group. Genotoxic effects of the banding procedure for a 1-month period were evaluated using the micronucleus test (MNT). To monitor cytotoxic effects, binucleated cells (BNs), karyolysis (KL), and karyorrhexis (KR) were also evaluated in this setting. Results: Analysis of micronuclei in buccal epithelial cells revealed a significant increase in chromosomal damage in all groups (P < 0.01). Significant differences were found in the number of BNs in the groups receiving treatment with Meron, Ultra Band Lok, Durelon, and 3M Multi Cure (P < 0.01). Banding with GC Fuji and Durelon significantly elevated KL frequencies (P <0.05). Durelon had a significant effect on KR (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Band cementation with conventional glass ionomer cement (Meron) showed the least genotoxic effects. The highest cytotoxic effects on human oral buccal epithelium cells were found in the polycarboxylate cement (Durelon) group.Öğe Long-term antibacterial properties of fluoride-releasing orthodontic bonding adhesives(Cumhuriyet Dental Journal, 2012) Öztürk, Fırat; Toy, Ebubekir; Hatunoğlu, Erdem; Arslan, Uğur; Aksakallı, SertaçÖz (İngilizce): Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare antibacterial properties of 3 different fluoride-releasing orthodontic adhesives during three months by using the direct contact test (DCT). Materials and Methods: The materials tested in the present study were Transbond Plus (3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA), Light Bond (Reliance Ortho Prod. Inc. Itasca, IL, USA), and Kurasper F (Kuraray Medical Inc., Okayama, Japan). Eight specimens of each material type were prepared for estimation. For the DCT, wells of 96-microtitre plates were coated with each of three bonding adhesives. Eight uncoated wells, using identical inocula size, served as a positive control (bacteria with medium). A Strep tococcus mutans suspension was placed on the surface of each specimen that was held for 1 hour at 37C. Bacterial growth was monitored for 16 hours with a temperature-controlled microplate spectrophotometer. The kinetics of the growth in each well was recorded continuously at 650 nm in every 30 minutes. Three additional measurements were performed on these tested materials after aging for 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. One-way ANOVA and Tamhane s T2 multiple comparison tests were applied to the data. The level of significance was set as p<0.05. Results: The DCT showed that there were significant differences found in freshly mixed samples between four groups (p<0.001, F=20.901). Freshly mixed samples of Transbond Plus showed antibacterial activity (p<0.001). Kurasper F and Light Bond did not differ from positive control. In the measurements of aged specimens, all materials showed an increase in the logarithmic growth rate of Strep tococcus mutans. Conclusion: Only Transbond Plus showed antibacterial properties in freshly mixed specimens. However, none of the tested orthodontics composites showed antibacterial properties after aging.Öğe Physical properties of different orthodontic cements(Urban & Vogel, 2015) Aksakalli, Sertac; Malkoc, Meral Arslan; Corekci, Bayram; Malkoc, Siddik; Toy, EbubekirIntroduction. We evaluated the water absorption, solubility, and compressive strength of different cements and resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs), namely AdhesorA (R), Ketac (TM) Cem, Ortho Band Paste LC (TM), Glass Ionomer Band Cement, and Transbond (TM) Plus. Our aims were to compare the mechanical and physical properties of the cements widely used in orthodontics and to define the most suitable cements in an oral environment in terms of those characteristics. Materials and methods. To assess compressive strength, the cements were subjected to compression tests done on a universal testing machine. To test water absorption and solubility, the weight changes in cement specimens were determined after immersion in distilled water for 1, 7, and 30 days. Results. Adhesor (R) and Ketac (TM) Cem presented significantly higher solubility values than other cements after water immersion for 1, 7, and 30 days (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Our results revealed that the traditional orthodontic cements have higher water solubility and water absorption values as well as lower compressive strength values than the RMGICs used in this study. Furthermore, Transbond (TM) Plus revealed the highest compressive strength, whereas AdhesorA (R) showed the lowest.Öğe Polymerization capacity of orthodontic composites analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(Mosby-Elsevier, 2011) Corekci, Bayram; Malkoc, Siddik; Ozturk, Bora; Gunduz, Beniz; Toy, EbubekirIntroduction: The aim of this in-vitro study was to analyze the polymerization capacity of 5 orthodontic composites by determining the degree of monomer conversion (DC). Methods: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to evaluate the DC of the orthodontic composites immediately after polymerization and after storage in artificial saliva at 37 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C for 30 days. The resin-based adhesive composites investigated were Bisco Ortho (Bisco, Schaumburg, III), Heliosit Orthodontics (Ivoclar, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Kurasper F (Kuraray, Okayama, Japan), Light Bond (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, III), and Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif), cured with Elipar FreeLight 2 (3M ESPE, St Paul, Minn) for the testing of the DC values. Fifty cylindrical specimens were manufactured in molds. The data were analyzed by 2-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD test. Results: According to 2-way ANOVA, the DC was significantly influenced by composite type (P < 0.05); after 30 days, there were no differences among the composite types for the DC. The interaction of orthodontic composites and time played a statistically significant role in the DC (P < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant influence of time for the DC (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The DC was found to change according to composite materials used, and Bisco Ortho showed the most DC performance. The DC of orthodontic composites is a complex process that is affected not only by inorganic filler content of the composite but also the monomer type and many other factors. Sufficient DC values of 5 commercially available orthodontic composites can be achieved with a new-generation light-emitting diode curing light. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;139:e299-e304)Öğe Real-time cell analysis of the cytotoxicity of orthodontic brackets on gingival fibroblasts(Sage Publications Ltd, 2014) Toy, Ebubekir; Malkoc, Siddik; Corekci, Bayram; Bozkurt, Buket S.; Hakki, Sema S.Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of 6 different orthodontic bracket types on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) using the xCELLigence system. Methods: The orthodontic brackets used in this study were gold-plated steel (Apollo Gold), titanium (Rematitan), stainless steel (Equilibrium 2), lucid ice (Inspire ICE), metal-reinforced ceramic (Clarity) and composite (OrthoFlex). Gingival fibroblasts were isolated from human gingival connective tissue of systemically healthy individuals. Tested brackets were incubated in DMEM culture medium for 72 hours according to ISO 10993-5 standards. Gingival fibroblasts were maintained with Dulbecco modified Eagle medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. The xCELLigence system was used to evaluate cell survival. The statistical analysis used was ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests. Results: When the data were evaluated in the 30th hour, Apollo Gold showed significant decreases in cell index (P<0.001). It also showed statistically significant decreases (P<0.001) in the 65th hour, but Clarity and Inspire ICE showed significant increases in cell indices (P<0.001, P<0.01). In the 114th hour, Clarity and Equilibrium 2 showed statistically significant increases in cell indices (P<0.001). Inspire ICE and Rematitan demonstrated significant increases (P<0.05). There were significant decreases in cell index of Apollo Gold (P<0.001). Conclusions: The tested brackets are suitable for clinical application, but further studies using different test methods are needed for gold-plated brackets.Öğe Türk popülasyonunda maloklüzyon ve cinsiyete göre ortalama yüz (Average face) modellerinin oluşturulması(2015) Camili, Yasin; Malkoç, Sıddık; Toy, Ebubekir; Türkkahraman, Muhammet Hakan[Abstract Not Available]
