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    Effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on bone formation after the expansion of the inter-premaxillary suture in rats: a histologic and immunohistochemical study
    (Sciendo, 2014) Toy, Ebubekir; Ozturk, Firat; Altindis, Sedat; Kozacioglu, Sumeyye; Toy, Hatice
    Background: Orthodontic maxillary expansion is a commonly-performed treatment approach to correct transverse maxillary deficiencies by separating the mid-palatal suture. To obtain a successful treatment result and prevent relapse, the expanded maxillary sutures require maintenance by means of qualified bone reorganisation. Aim: To assess the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on sutural bone formation after the expansion of the interpremaxillary suture in rats. Methods: Sixteen male Wistar rats, 6 to 8-week old, were used. The expansion appliance comprised a helical spring fabricated from 0.014 inch stainless steel wire (Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany). The rats were divided into two equal groups and randomly assigned to the LIPUS treatment group or a sham-operation group. LIPUS was delivered via a 2.5 cm diameter ultrasound transducer (Exogen, Smith and Nephews, Inc., Memphis, TN, USA) for 20 minutes per day during 7 days of postexpansion retention. Following retention, the rats' maxillae were surgically removed and histologic and immunohistochemical specimens were prepared and examined. Results: The number of osteoblasts and blood vessel dimensions in the ultrasound group increased but was not significant, compared with the control group. A statistically significant difference in osteocalcin, VEGF and TGF-beta immunoreactivities (p < 0.01) was found in the area of the mineralising tissue. Only VEGF immunoreactivity was significant between two groups (p < 0.01) in the fibrous tissue area. Conclusions: The area of mineralising tissue in the LIPUS-applied group expressed activity markers for osteocalcin, VEGF and TGF-beta compared with a surrounding area of fibrous tissue. Cellular activation in the LIPUS group was greater than that of controls. Therefore, LIPUS may be accepted as a useful approach to enhance sutural bone formation. (Aust Orthod J 2014; 30: 176-183)
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    Effects of strontium ranelate on sutural bone formation: a histological and immunohistochemical study
    (Australian Soc Orthodontists Inc, 2016) Karatas, Orhan H.; Toy, Ebubekir; Demir, Abdullah; Toy, Hatice; Kozacioglu, Sumeyye
    Aim: Rapid maxillary expansion is performed to correct a skeletal transverse deficiency of the maxilla, which is a frequently encountered orthodontic anomaly. Strontium ranelate (SrR) is a novel agent that has a dual action, involving anti-resorptive and bone-forming effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of systemically applied SrR on osteoblastic bone formation after maxillary expansion on the mid-palatal suture of rats using histological and immunohistochemical tests. Materials and methods: A total of 24 Wistar rats were randomly divided into two equal groups. In all animals, five-day inter-premaxillary expansion was applied and maintained for a seven-day retention period, during which 625mg/kg/day SrR diluted with saline solution was administered orally to the experimental group. The rats were sacrificed and the tissues prepared for histological and immunohistochemical examinations after the retention period. Results: Osteoblastic activity and the width of the blood vessels in the suture area were significantly increased in the SrR group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Ossification was also observed to be active under light microscopy by staining with hematoxylin and eosin in the experimental group. Immunohistochemical labelling performed using osteonectin, osteocalcin, TGF-beta and VEGF antibodies revealed significant immunoreactivity in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It may be concluded that SrR contributed to stimulatory osteogenesis in the expansion region. Therefore, a retention period may be shortened and relapse possibly reduced, following the application of SrR after the expansion.