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    Evaluation of the effect of chronic smoking habit on corneal endothelial cells, central corneal thickness and dry eye tests
    (2019) Karakurt, Yucel; Sunar, Mukadder; Tasli, Nurdan Gamze; Ucak, Turgay; Agcayazi, Sumeyye Burcu; Ugurlu, Adem; Icel, Erel
    Aim: The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of chronic smoking habit on corneal endothelial cells, central corneal thickness, and dry eye tests. Material and Methods: A total of 160 eyes of 160 chronic smokers and 160 eyes of 160 control cases were included in the study. The smokers were grouped into 4 groups according to pack-year smoking as follows: 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, >30. Endothelial cell density (CD), average cell size (AVG), percentage of hexagonal cell (HEX), and coefficient of variation (CV), central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured using a specular microscope. The Tear Break-Up Time (TUBT) and Schirmer tests were performed. Results: In Group 1 and Group 2, there was no significant difference between the smoker and the control groups in terms of CD, AVG, HEX and CV. In Group 3 and Group 4, there was a significant decrease in CD and HEX values, while there was a significant increase in AVG and CV values. CCT values were not significantly different in the Groups 1,2 and 3, whereas there was a significant decrease in the Group 4. TBUT and Schirmer tests were significantly decreased in all groups. Conclusion: It was found that as the number of pack-year increased, CD and HEX values decreased and AVG and CV values increased. Dry eye tests were affected in a shorter period of time, while CCT was affected in a longer period of time than the time required for CD, HEX, AVG and CV parameters to be affected.
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    The findings of corneal specular microscopy in patients with keratoconus
    (2019) Tasli, Nurdan Gamze; Ucak, Turgay; Karakurt, Yucel; Icel, Erel; Ugurlu, Adem; Agcayazi, Sumeyye Burcu
    Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of corneal endothelial cell density, coefficient of variation and hexagonal cell ratio with the stages of keratoconus and corneal thickness. Material and Methods: The study included 102 eyes from 51 patients. The corneal topography was performed using the Sirius corneal topographic device and the examination of the endothelium was performed using Nidek CEM-530. The patients were divided into groups in accordance with keratometry values (group 1: K2<45 D, group 2: K2 45-52 D, group 3: K2> 52 D) and thinnest cornea thickness (group 1:> 450 µm, group 2: 400-450 µm, group 3: <400 µm). Specular microscopic findings were compared according to the severity of keratoconus and corneal thickness. Results: Of the patients, 29 (50%) were male and 22 (50%) were female. The mean age was 29.8 ± 7.7 (15-45) years. Endothelial cell count and hexagonal cell ratio were significantly lower in severe keratoconus compared to mild and moderate keratoconus and the coefficient of variation was higher in severe keratoconus compared to the other groups (p <0.001). When the patients were compared according to the pachymetry value at the thinnest point of the cornea, the endothelial cell number and the hexagonal cell ratio were found to be lower in the group with pachymetry less than 400 µm (p <0.001). The coefficient of variation was higher in the same group compared to the others (p <0.001). Conclusion: It was revealed that endothelial cell density, hexagonal cell ratio decreased and the coefficient of variation increased with the progression of keratoconus. Specular microscopic examinations in patients with keratoconus provide important data in addition to topography
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    Survey of satisfaction of contact lens wearers: Development, validation and reliability
    (2019) Ugurlu, Adem
    Aim: To develop and validate a survey for the measurement of the effect of contact lenses on ocular physiological parameters, visual functions, appearance, and socioeconomic and psychological factors.Material and Methods: Between September 2018and July 2019, 392 participants who applied to Erzincan University Faculty of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology were included in the study. All patients were contact lens users at least one year. Participants were aged 18 or above. A questionnaire containing 36 questions was created and distributed to contact lens users. All participants answered the questionnaire completely.Results: Of the 392 respondents, 202 (51.5%) were male and 190 (48.5%) were female. The total scores of correlations of 36 items ranged from 0.310 to 0.598. Factor loads ranged from 0.359 to 0.770 and all were considered statistically significant. (KMO: 0.878 p0.001) The questionnaire was divided into three subgroups: ocular and visual effects, appearance and socioeconomic and psychological factors. Cronbach’s α for the correlation of items within the three subscales were 0.927 for ocular and visual effects, 0.929 for appearance and 0.892 for socioeconomic and psychological factors subscale and this show the survey is reliable. Conclusion: The contact lens satisfaction survey was meticulously developed using both exploratory factor analysis and Rasch analysis to assure good content validity, internal consistency, and a low answering load. Our contact lens satisfaction survey can be used for contact lens users aged 18 years and above who have been using contact lenses for at least 1 year.