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    Cytotoxic effects of orthodontic composites
    (E H Angle Education Research Foundation, Inc, 2010) Malkoc, Siddik; Corekci, Bayram; Ulker, Hayriye Esra; Yalcin, Muhammet; Sengun, Abdulkadir
    Objectives: To evaluate the cytotoxic effects of five different light-cured orthodontic bonding composites. Materials and Methods: The orthodontic composites Heliosit Orthodontic (Ivoclar), Transbond XT (3M Unitek), Bisco ORTHO (Bisco), Light Bond (Reliance), and Quick Cure (Reliance) were prepared, and the samples were extracted in 3 mL of BME (Basal Medium Eagle) with 10% newborn calf serum for 24 hours. The L929 cells were plated (25,000 cells/mL) in a 96-well dish and maintained in a humidified incubator for 24 hours at 37 degrees C, 5% CO(2), and 95% air. After 24 hours of incubation of the cells, the incubation medium was replaced by the immersed medium in which the samples were stored. Then, L929 cells were incubated in contact with eluates for 24 hours. The cell mitochondrial activity was evaluated by the methyl tetrazolium (MTT) test. Twelve wells were used for each specimen, and the MTT tests were applied two times. The data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD tests. Results: Results with L929 fibroblasts demonstrated that except for Transbond XT, freshly prepared composite materials did not reduce vital cell numbers (P>.05) compared with the control group. Our data demonstrate that Transbond XT showed significant cytotoxicity compared with the control group. Conclusion: Results indicate that tested orthodontic bonding composites are suitable for clinical application, but that further studies using different test methods are needed for Transbond XT. (Angle Orthod. 2010;80:759-764.)
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    Cytotoxicity evaluation of dentin bonding agents by dentin barrier test on 3-dimensional pulp cells
    (Mosby-Elsevier, 2011) Sengun, Abdulkadir; Yalcin, Muhammet; Ulker, Hayriye Esra; Ozturk, Bora; Hakki, Sema S.
    Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 4 dentin-bonding agents on the cell viability of bovine derived cells. Study design. Cytotoxicity of dentin-bonding agents (G-Bond [GB], Adper Prompt Self-Etch [APSE], Clearfil DC Bond System [CDCB], and Quadrant University-1-Bond [UB]) was analyzed with a dentin barrier test device using 3-dimensional (3D) pulp cell cultures. A commercially available cell culture perfusion chamber was separated into 2 compartments using a 500 mu m dentin disk. The 3D cultures were placed on a dentin disk and held in place with a special biocompatible stainless steel holder. Test materials were introduced into the upper compartment in direct contact with the cavity side of the dentin disks according to the manufacturer's instructions. Subsequently, the pulpal part of the perfusion chamber containing the cell cultures was perfused with a medium (2 mL/h). After an exposure period of 24 hours, cell survival was determined by using the MTT assay. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results. In the dentin barrier test, cell survival rates of UB and CDCB were similar to the control group (P > .05). However, all other tested materials were cytotoxic for the 3D pulp-derived cell cultures (P > .05). Conclusions. Dentin-bonding agents include biologically active ingredients and may modify pulp cell metabolism when the materials are used in deep cavities in spite of a dentin barrier. If these adhesive agents are used in deep cavities, a biocompatible cavity liner should be used. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2011; 112: e83-e88)
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    Cytotoxicity Testing of Temporary Luting Cements with Two- and Three-Dimensional Cultures of Bovine Dental Pulp-Derived Cells
    (Hindawi Ltd, 2013) Ulker, Hayriye Esra; Ulker, Mustafa; Gumus, Hasan Onder; Yalcin, Muhammet; Sengun, Abdulkadir
    This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of eugenol-containing and eugenol-free temporary luting cements. For cytotoxicity testing, bovine pulp-derived cells transfected with Simian virus 40 Large T antigen were exposed to extracts of eugenol-containing (Rely X Temp E) and eugenol-free (Provicol, PreVISION CEM, and Rely X Temp NE) temporary luting cements for 24 h. The cytotoxicity of the same materials was also evaluated in a dentin barrier test device using three-dimensional cell cultures of bovine pulp-derived cells. The results of the cytotoxicity studies with two-dimensional cultures of bovine dental pulp-derived cells revealed that cell survival with the extracts of Rely X Temp E, Provicol, PreVISION CEM, and Rely X Temp NE was 89.1%, 84.9%, 92.3%, and 66.8%, respectively. Rely X Temp NE and Provicol showed cytotoxic effects on bovine dental pulp-derived cells (P < 0.05). The results of the dentin barrier test revealed that cell survival with the above-mentioned temporary cement was 101.5%, 91.9%, 93.5%, and 90.6%, respectively. None of the temporary luting cements significantly reduced cell survival compared with the negative control in the dentin barrier test (P > 0.05). Biologically active materials released from temporary luting cements may not influence the dentine-pulp complex if the residual dentine layer is at least 0.5 mm thick.