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    Prevalence and Features Associated With Restless Leg Syndrome in Postmenopausal Females
    (Journal Neurological Sciences, 2014) Unaldi Karaer, Hatice; Kaplan, Yuksel; Kurt, Semiha; Demirturk, Fazli
    Background: Animal and human studies have shown that estrogen modulates dopaminergic activity. The hypoestrogenic state associated with menopause, characterized by a decreased ovarian follicular response to gonadotropins and estrogen, affects the nervous system at multiple anatomical or functional sites. Aims: We investigated the prevalence of restless leg syndrome (RLS) in postmenopausal females and assessed the relationship between RLS and the clinical features of menopause. Methods: We enrolled 523 menopausal females in the study. Of those, 334 (63.86%) did not meet the inclusion criteria and were excluded. Of the remaining 189 postmenopausal patients, 73 met all of the diagnostic criteria for RLS; however, 47 of those had at least one factor related to secondary RLS and were excluded from the study. The remaining 26 (18.3%) postmenopausal patients with idiopathic RLS were categorized as group 1. The control group included 56 postmenopausal females free of RLS and matched by age (+2 years) to group 1. Results: Onset age of menopause was earlier and surgical menopause was more frequent in group 1. The Pearson's correlation test revealed a strong and significant correlation between the onset ages of menopause and RLS. Conclusions: Estrogen receptors are widely distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. Estrogen modulates dopaminergic activity in the nigrostriatal system. Menopause is characterized by hypoestrogenemia, and may be a risk factor for the development or worsening of RLS symptoms.