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Öğe CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF INCREASED SERUM NEOPTERIN IN CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE AS A BIOMARKER OF CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY(Sciendo, 2019) Unuvar, Songul; Aslanhan, HamzaBackground: Neopterin is a pyrazino-pyrimidine compound which is used as a marker of cell-mediated immunity in a variety of diseases. It is known that neopterin levels increase in diseases where interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) stimulation is present, and also as a result of deficiencies in renal function, given that the primary means of elimination of neopterin is through the kidneys. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of increased neopterin levels as a prognostic biomarker in patients with impaired renal function. Methods: A total of 90 individuals including 63 patients with chronic kidney failure (CKF) and 27 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Serum neopterin concentrations were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A Mann-Whitney U test and a Pearson Correlation Test were used in the statistical analysis, with a p value of <0.05 being considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age was 52.21 +/- 0.16 years in the patient group and 56.55 +/- 0.32 years in the control group. In the CKF patients, serum neopterin levels increased to a significantly greater degree than in the control group (p<0.001), while no statistically significant correlation was identified between serum neopterin levels and age (p>0.05). Conclusions: A significant increase was found in the serum neopterin levels in the CKF patients, due to both the triggering of the disease and the reduction of neopterin elimination.Öğe Combination of 2 Bioactive Compounds for Treatment of Breast Cancer: Triterpenoid Cucurbitacin I and Phenolic CAPE(Sage Publications Inc, 2019) Karakus, Fuat; Yilmaz, Kadir; Eyol, Ergul; Unuvar, SongulIt has been demonstrated that both cucurbitacin I (Cu I) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) have anticancer activities. The current study aimed to examine the proliferation, migration, and colony formation actions of Cu I and CAPE on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. The antimigration, antiproliferative, and colony inhibition effects of different dosages of Cu I, CAPE, and Cu I + CAPE on cells were determined by the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) cell viability assay, wound healing, and colony formation assays, respectively. Compared with single treatment, combination of 2 bioactive compounds enhanced the anticancer activity. When Cu I and CAPE were combined, a strong inhibitor effect was shown on cell growth, colony formation, and cell migration compared with the compounds used singly. The concomitant treatment with Cu I and CAPE showed stronger antiproliferative activities on both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells compared with individual treatment with either Cu I or CAPE. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester is a specific inhibitor of Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B). It shows anticancer activity depending on this inhibition. It is a bioactive phenolic compound that is derived from propolis. Cucurbitacin I is a selective Januskinase/signal transducer and a transcription-3 signal pathway inhibitor. Combination of these 2 natural anticancer compounds is beneficial in the treatment of cancer, as well as the side effects associated with classical chemotherapeutics not being observed with the use of these compounds.Öğe Comparison of preoperative serum neopterin, periostin, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, YKL-40, and tenascin-C levels with current tumor markers for early-stage endometrial cancer(Wiley, 2021) Unuvar, Songul; Melekoglu, Rauf; Turkmen, Nese B.; Yilmaz, Ercan; Yasar, Seyma; Yuce, HandeObjective: To compare the predictive value of serum levels of neopterin, periostin, YKL-40, tenascin-C (TNC), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) with current tumor markers for the primary diagnosis of early-stage endometrial cancer. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2020 and November 2020. A total of 59 patients (38 women newly diagnosed with early-stage endometrial cancer [study group] and 21 women with benign endometrial pathologies [control group]) were enrolled. Blood samples were collected prior to surgery and underwent immunoassay analysis. Results: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), periostin, and IDO levels were significantly higher in the study group than the control group (P = 0.008, P = 0.034, and P = 0.003, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that IDO, periostin, and CEA were good predictors of early-stage endometrial cancer (AUC = 0.733, 95% CI, 0.602-0.840, P < 0.002; AUC = 0.668, 95% CI, 0.533-0.785, P = 0.018; and AUC = 0.709, 95% CI, 0.576-0.820, P = 0.002, respectively). Correlation analysis revealed no significant correlation of any biomarker with age or body mass index in either the control or study group. Conclusion: Serum CEA, periostin, and IDO levels were significantly higher in women with endometrial cancer than in those without cancer. These results may help identify new markers for diagnosing endometrial cancer.Öğe Current Pandemic in the World: Monkeypox from Past to Present(Acad Brasileira De Ciencias, 2023) Sahin, Yasemin; Yuce, Hande; Unuvar, Songul; Ciftci, OsmanMonkeypox is a zoonotic viral infection that was first identified in humans in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The cases seen again in early May 2022 have reached 78.000 as of today. On July 23, 2022, the World Health Organization decided that the monkeypox outbreak represents a public health emergency. For the early diagnosis and effective treatment of monkeypox, inter-individual transmission routes, disease symptoms, factors affecting the course of the disease, presence of another infection, prognosis, pharmacological agents used in the prophylactic treatment, and their effects, populations at risk, waste disposal protocol should be known. For this reason, our aim is to reveal the sources of transmission of the monkeypox virus from past to present, what are the signs and symptoms in patients after infection, ways of protection from the virus, the mutation status of the virus, and treatment approaches.Öğe Cytotoxic Effects of Cucurbitacin I and Ecballium elaterium on Breast Cancer Cells(Natural Products Inc, 2018) Yilmaz, Kadir; Karakus, Fuat; Eyol, Ergul; Tosun, Emir; Yilmaz, Ismet; Unuvar, SongulThe objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of cucurbitacin I (CuI) and Ecballium elaterium L. (fruit juice and chloroform extract) on breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). The Cul content of E. elaterium fruit juice and chloroform extract was quantified using high performance liquid chromatography. The cytotoxic effects of the fruit juice, chloroform extract and CuI were determined by MTT, wound healing and colony formation assays; all had an anti-proliferative activity on the breast cancer cells. Clarifying the mechanisms of cucurbitacins will enable the identification of new molecular targets for breast cancer therapy.Öğe Determination of Element Concentrations in Commercial Infant Formulas Using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry(Atomic Spectroscopy Press Ltd, 2017) Unuvar, Songul; Savan, Ebru Kuyumcu; Karaaslan, Nagihan M.The presence of heavy metals, inadequate minerals and elements in infant foods is of great concern. In this study, the heavy metals aluminum (Al) and lead (Pb), essential elements such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), and minerals such as calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and sodium (Na) were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) in five different brands of 20 infant formula samples obtained from pharmacies and supermarkets in Malatya, Turkey. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives GECFA) has set the maximum concentration levels of heavy metals in infant formula and levels of provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of these metals by infants. The levels of Al and Pb in the analyzed samples were found to be under legal limits. The recommended daily intake (RDI) of the essential elements and minerals were found within normal and permissible ranges, showing that the formulas are safe for infants.Öğe Dose dependent cytotoxic activity of patulin on neuroblastoma, colon and breast cancer cell line(2021) Turkmen, Nese Basak; Yuce, Hande; Ozek, Dilan Askin; Aslan, Sumeyye; Yasar, Seyma; Unuvar, SongulAim: Patulin, a mycotoxin, is an organic compound classified as a polypeptide. Patulin, which is generally detected in moldy fruits and their derivatives, has been suggested to have anticancer activity. Some studies have shown that it induces apoptosis in the cell. This study aims to investigate the anticancer activity of patulin in SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line), HCT116 (human colon cancer cell line), and MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line) cell lines. Materials and Methods: SH-SY5Y, HCT116, MCF-7, and L929 (healthy fibroblast) cell lines were used for cytotoxicity experiments. Cells were added in 96-well plates at 5x103 cells per well. Serial dilutions of patulin at a dose of 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 µM were added to the waiting cells in 24 hours incubation. All cell lines were exposed to patulin for 24 and 48 hours. The cytotoxic activity of patulin in cancer and healthy cell lines was determined in vitro by the MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulphophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) cell viability test. The results of the toxicity tests were measured spectrophotometrically (450 nm) in ELISA at intervals of 24 hours for 2 days. Results: Patulin caused cytotoxic activity in all cell lines at a concentration of 100 µM. Patulin showed cytotoxic activity at low doses only in the SH-SY5Y cell line. At doses of 25 and 50 µM, HCT116 caused more than 50% death in the cell line, while higher concentrations induced cell death in the MCF-7 cell line. Conclusion: Patulin showed anticancer activity at high concentrations in colon and breast cancer cell lines, and both low and high concentrations in the SH-SY5Y cell line. Patulin may be a new candidate molecule in the treatment of neuroblastoma, colon, and breast cancers, depending on the dose.Öğe Evaluation of Common Non-pharmacological Chemical Substance Poisonings in Childhood(Galenos Yayincilik, 2017) Unuvar, SongulAcute intoxications in adolescents and adults are mostly associated with intentional or accidental ingestions. Intoxications are commonly seen in children aged between 1 and 5 years and most of the cases are associated with accidental intake. In most of the children, no clinical symptoms related to intoxication are observed or only mild effects can develop. The main route of drug elimination is through kidneys. Absolute clearance in children is often lower than in adults but weight-adjusted clearance is higher. Depending on more rapid elimination in children the plasma half-life of the drug might be shorter in children than in adults. A shorter elimination half-life means that plasma steady-state is achieved with repeated doses. It is important to prevent childhood intoxications, and the use of child-resistant packaging and adequate supervision together with the secure storage of household substances are the basis of prevention of accidental childhood intoxications. Intoxications represent one of the most common medical emergencies in children, and epidemiological characteristics vary in different countries. Therefore, special epidemiological surveillance is necessary for each country to determine the problem according to which preventive measures should be taken. Early awareness and taking appropriate therapeutic measures seems to be effective in the reduction of mortality rate. The major and most common non-pharmacological chemical intoxications in childhood have been reviewed here with the intent of helping health-care professionals, particularly pediatricians to recognize and reduce the risk of harmful childhood intoxications.Öğe Evaluation of Lipocalin-2 and Metalloproteinase-9 Gene Expressions in Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer(Wiley, 2023) Unuvar, Songul; Melekoglu, Rauf; Bulut, Ezgi; Dogan, Aysegul; Turkmen, Nese Basak; Yuce, Hande; Yilmaz, Ercan[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Evaluation of NMR Results of Newly Synthesized Platinum-Based N- Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes(Wiley, 2023) Aslan, Sumeyye; Yuce, Hande; Yasar, Sedat; Bugday, Nesrin; Turkmen, Nese Basak; Eke, Benay Can; Unuvar, Songul[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Evaluation of serum neopterin, periostin, Tenascin-C, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 levels in obese pregnant women(Galenos Publ House, 2022) Melekoglu, Rauf; Unuvar, Songul; Turkmen, Nese Basak; Cetin, Asli; Celik, Nesibe Zeyveli; Yuce, Hande; Yasar, SeymaObjective: To investigate the role of extracellular matrix proteins in the molecular mechanism of inflammatory response in obese pregnant women by comparing serum levels of neopterin, periostin, Tenascin-C, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 between obese and normal weight pregnant women in the third trimester. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2021 and December 2021. A total of 84 pregnant women were included and three groups were formed with 28 participants in each group. Results: Serum levels of neopterin, periostin, Tenascin-C and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 were significantly higher in class II-III obese pregnant women than in class I obese and normal-weight women (p=0.002, p<0.001, p<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in serum matrix metalloproteinase-2 levels between the groups (p=0.769). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that Tenascin-C and periostin were effective in predicting pre-eclampsia [area under the curve (AUC)=0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.72-0.90, p<0.001 and AUC=0.71, 95% CI, 0.60-0.80, p=0.007, respectively]. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that class II-III obese pregnant women had significantly higher serum levels of neopterin, periostin, Tenascin-C, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in the third trimester. These higher serum levels may be associated with the adverse perinatal effects of obesity during pregnancy.Öğe Evaluation of the Relationship Between Serum Metallothionein and Trace Element Levels in Multiple Sclerosis Patients(Wiley, 2023) Yuce, Hande; Tecellioglu, Mehmet; Tanbek, Kevser; Yasar, Seyma; Turkmen, Nese Basak; Ates, Ilker; Unuvar, Songul[Abstract Not Available]Öğe In vitro effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide on cell viability, migration and colony formation of colorectal cancer cells(Springer, 2018) Karakus, Fuat; Eyol, Ergul; Yilmaz, Kadir; Unuvar, SongulAcidification of extracellular medium in malignant tumors increases the invasive behaviors of cancer cells. In normal healthy tissues, acid production is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrases. Some of the carbonic anhydrase enzymes are overexpressed in certain types of cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of acetazolamide, a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, on in vitro cultivated cancer cells. Three different assays (MTT test, wound healing and clonogenic assay) were performed using human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (SW620) to evaluate the suppressive effect of acetazolamide, on the colorectal cancer cells migration ability, colony formation and cell viability. The dose-dependent (1-1000 mu M) reducing effect of acetazolamide on the cell viability was more significant within the first 48 h. This inhibitory effect of acetazolamide was found to be decreased at 72 h, and affects cells migration ability of cells at 24 and 48 h. Acetazolamide was observed to inhibit the cell viability, migration and colony formation ability of cells, depending on dose.Öğe Inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and colony formation of LS174T Cells by carbonic anhydrase inhibitor(Makerere Univ, Fac Med, 2018) Karakus, Fuat; Eyol, Ergul; Yilmaz, Kadir; Unuvar, SongulBackground: Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer deaths. Migration of tumor cells is an important stage in metastasis. Therefore, recent studies have focused on clarifying migration and migration-dependent cell functions such as angiogenesis, wound healing, and invasion. Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of acetazolamide, which is a classical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, on the cell viability, migration, and colony forming capacity of human LS174T colorectal cancer cells. Methods: Three different cell culture techniques (MTT test, wound healing and clonogenic assay) were performed in this in vitro study on colorectal cancer cells. Results: Acetazolamide reduced the cell viability, migration and colony formation ability of cells depending on dose. There was no significant difference between the cells treated with acetazolamide with 1 mu M dose and the control. However, it can be concluded that acetazolamide exerts its effect on human colorectal cancer cells at 10-1000 mu M concentrations. Conclusion: Acetazolamide was observed to significantly inhibit the cell viability, colony forming capacity, and migration ability in the culture medium of LS174T cells. This inhibitor effect of acetazolamide was observed to be dependent on the concentration in medium.Öğe Mercury exposure, neopterin profile, and tryptophan degradation in dental technicians(De Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2022) Girgin, Gozde; Palabiyik-Yucelik, Saziye Sezin; Sipahi, Hande; Kilicarslan, Bilge; Unuvar, Songul; Tutkun, Engin; Yilmaz, Omer HincAmalgam has been widely used as a restorative dental material for over 150 years. Most standard dental amalgam formulations contain approximately 50% elemental mercury in a mixture of copper, tin, silver, and zinc. Mercury is a highly volatile metal, which can easily vaporize to a colorless and odorless gas. It has been demonstrated that mercury is released from dental amalgam, which is increased by chewing, eating, brushing, and drinking hot liquids. Besides this, amalgam is the main occupational exposure source of mercury for dental workers. It is known that mercury exposure causes immune modulation in humans. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the changes in neopterin levels and tryptophan (Trp) degradation in dental technicians. It was observed that low levels of occupational mercury exposure resulted in decreased neopterin, kynurenine (Kyn), and Kyn/Trp levels. Moreover, mercury and neopterin levels had a significant positive correlation in workers. The lower neopterin levels and Kyn/Trp in dental technicians compared to an unexposed group indicates a possible immune suppression with low level of occupational mercury exposure during amalgam preparation. The relationship between urinary mercury levels as an indicator of occupational mercury exposure and neopterin reminded an effect on T-cell-mediated immune response.Öğe Microbial Foodborne Diseases(Academic Press Ltd-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2018) Unuvar, Songul[Abstract Not Available]Öğe NEOPTERIN AND RECURRENT SPONTANEOUS ABORTION (RSA): THE EFFECT OF CELLULAR IMMUNE SYSTEM ACTIVATION ON SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY(Central Bohemia Univ, 2017) Unuvar, Songul; Tanriverdi, ZubeydeBackground: Recurrent miscarriages are common complications in pregnancy. Neopterin is one of the immunologic biomarkers of several diseases related to activation of the cellular immune system. RSA is associated with immune system related abnormalities. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of neopterin levels in the early diagnosis of RSA. Methods: Eighty RSA patients and forty-three healthy controls were included in the study. The neopterin concentrations were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. For the statistical analysis, Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson correlation test were used the; p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Serum mean neopterin levels were 16.47 +/- 0.095 nmol/L in RSA group and 6.14 +/- 0.041 nmol/L in control group, respectively. Compared to the control group, a statistically significant increase (p=0.0183) in the serum neopterin levels of the patients was observed. There was a negative correlation between serum neopterin level and age in both the control (R=0.0774, p=0.6236) and RSA groups (R=0.1415, p=0.2089). However, this correlation was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: With overstimulation of interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) during pregnancy, the production of neopterin increases by monocytes/macrophages. The measurement of neopterin levels in the serum contributes to the early diagnosis of pregnancy losses.Öğe Neopterin Levels and Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity as Biomarkers of Immune System Activation and Childhood Allergic Diseases(Korean Soc Laboratory Medicine, 2019) Unuvar, Songul; Erge, Duygu; Kilicarslan, Bilge; Bag, Harika Gozde Gozukara; Catal, Ferhat; Girgin, Gozde; Baydar, TerkenBackground: Although Th2 immune activation is predominant in allergic diseases, neopterinlevels and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-1 activity (kynurenine:tryptophan ratio), which reflect Th1 immune activity, increase with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) stimulation. We investigated neopterin, tryptophan, and kynurenine levels as biomarkersof the Th1 immune system activation and changes in IDO-1 activityin children with asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis, as well as the relationship between these biomarkers and the total IgE level, age, and disease severity. Methods: We divided 205 children (80 girls and 125 boys, four months to 17 years old) into four groups: controls, patients with asthma, patients with allergic rhinitis, and patients with atopic dermatitis. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected. Neopterin levels were determined by an enzyme immunoassay. Tryptophan and kynurenine levels were analyzed using HPLC. IDO-1 enzyme activity was calculated using tryptophan and kynurenine levels. IgE levels were measured. The Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Conover post-hoc method were used for statistical analysis. Results: Neopterin, tryptophan, and kynurenine levels were higher and IgE levels and IDO-1 enzyme activity were lower in patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis than in controls (P<0.05). Patients with atopic dermatitis showed higher neopterin, tryptophan, and kynurenine levels, higher IDO-1 activity, and lower IgE levels thancontrols (P<0.05). Conclusions: The Th1/Th2 balance is disrupted in children with allergic diseases, concomitant with increased Th1-mediated immune response activation and reduced IgEproduction, which is promoted by Th2-type cytokines.Öğe Patulin: its toxicity and possible contamination of products used in baby nutrition(Aves, 2011) Sahin, Gonul; Unuvar, Songul; Baydar, TerkenPatulin is a secondary metabolite produced by molds such as Penicillium Aspergillus and Byssochlamys. Mainly patulin may be present in many foods including baby foods, fruits (especially apple) and apple-based products. Severity of patulin toxicity is correlated with the amount of consumed fruit products. Therefore, daily amount of consumption of these products is very important in infants and children who are vulnerable to toxic effects. In recent years, many studies on this field showed that patulin levels in fruit-based products were higher than the limit of provisional maximum tolerable daily intake. In this review, the major toxic effects of patulin, the limits in baby foods, and the approaches for prevention of formation of patulin have been summarized in the light of current literatur knowledge. (Turk Arch Ped 2011: 46: 275-9)Öğe POTENTIAL PROGNOSTIC ROLE OF IMMUNE SYSTEM ACTIVATION MARKER NEOPTERIN IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES(Sciendo, 2018) Unuvar, Songul; Tanriverdi, Zubeyde; Aslanhan, HamzaBackground: An increase in neopterin concentrations is known in some pathologies due to interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) activation. These include viral and bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases, metabolic diseases, psychiatric disorders, tissue and organ rejections, and different malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of neopterin as a prognostic biomarker in type 2 diabetes, which is a metabolic disease with a high worldwide prevalence. Methods: The study included a total of one hundred thirty-nine individuals including one hundred and six patients admitted to a family medicine outpatient clinic and diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and thirty-three healthy volunteers. Serum neopterin concentrations were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Serum neopterin levels significantly increased in type 2 diabetes patients, compared to the control group (p<0.001). Conclusions: Early diagnosis of diabetes and determination of the appropriate therapeutic options are of utmost importance, as diabetes is also associated with other systemic diseases. The risk of developing secondary diseases is high in untreated patients. Our study results suggest that serum neopterin may be a useful biomarker in patients with type 2 diabetes.
