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Caffeic acid phenethyl ester prevents intestinal reperfusion injury in rats
(W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 1999) Koltuksuz, U; Özen, S; Uz, E; Aydinç, M; Karaman, A; Gültek, A; Akyol, Ö
Background/Purpose: Ischemia-reperfusion injury is encountered frequently in conditions that diminish intestinal blood flow. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), which is a specific component of the honeybee hive product propolis, exhibits potential antioxidant: properties. This experimental study was designed to determine the effect of CAFE on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat intestine. Methods: Fifty rats were divided into 5 groups: sham (SH), saline ischemia (SI), saline reperfusion (SR), CARE ischemia (CI), and CARE reperfusion (CR). Either CAFE, 10 mu mol/kg, or saline was administered intraperitoneally 30 minutes before ischemia. Intestinal ischemia for 30 minutes and reperfusion for 60 minutes were applied. Ileum specimens were obtained to determine the tissue levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and histological changes. Results Malondialdehyde levels in the CR group did not increase after reperfusion when compared with the CI group. However, statistically significant differences were observed between the SR and SI groups. Additional mucosal injury in the CR group when compared with the CI group was not observed. Whereas, there was a statistically significant increase in mucosal injury in the SR group. Reperfusion did not cause further injuries through both biochemical and histological parameters in the CR group. Conclusions: Results of this study showed that prophylactic administration of CAFE in ischemic condition prevents reperfusion injuries by eliminating oxygen radicals and inhibiting polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration. CARE may be useful in combating the diseases of oxidative stress. J Pediatr Surg 34:1458-1462. Copyright (C) 1999 by W.B. Saunders Company.
Concentrations of copper, zinc and various elements in serum of patients with bronchial asthma
(Gustav Fischer Verlag, 2000) Vural, H; Uzun, K; Uz, E; Koçyigit, A; Çigli, A; Akyol, Ö
In this study, serum copper, zinc, magnesium, iron and calcium concentrations were investigated in 40 patients with bronchial asthma (BA) and in 43 healthy subjects. Copper and calcium levels were found to be increased in patients with BA compared to the control group (p<0.001 and p<0.001 respectively). On the other hand, the serum zinc level was significantly lower in healthy subjects (p<0.01). No changes were found in serum magnesium and iron levels in patients with BA compared to controls. In addition to various elements, certain serum proteins such as albumin, transferrin and ferritin were also assessed to determine whether there was a relationship between the elements and proteins in patients with BA. There was only a significant decrease in albumin concentration in patients with BA (p<0.05).
Diagnostic role of hair magnesium in migraine patients: higher than serum magnesium?
(Dustri-Verlag Dr Karl Feistle, 2000) Ilhan, A; Uz, E; Var, A; Kali, S; Akyol, O
The present study was aimed at evaluating trace element changes and diagnostic role of magnesium levels in hair of migraine patients during interictal period. We assessed trace element levels in hair of migraine patients (n = 40) and control subjects (n = 21). In the group of migraineurs,magnesium (p < 0.05), zinc (p < 0.05), and copper (p < 0.001) levels in the hair were significantly reduced with regard to the control subjects. Although the hair levels of manganese and serum levels of magnesium are lower in migraine patients than the levels in controls, these differences were not found to be signifcant. Also, the mean trace element levels in the group of migraine patients showed no significant difference according to gender, age, and type of migraine (with or without aura). Our data show that some hair trace element levels change in migraine patients during interictal period and hair magnesium seems to be more valuable than serum magnesium as a diagnostic marker in migraine.
Early contrast sensitivity loss and oxidative damage in healthy heavy smokers
(Wiley, 2003) Hepsen, IF; Uz, E; Sogut, S; Büyükba, S; Akyol, O
Objective: The purpose of this study was 1) to evaluate visual functions and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in plasma and erythrocytes in smokers in comparison with non-smokers, 2) to evaluate the correlations between visual functions and the oxidant/antioxidant system. We hypothesized that the changes in antioxidant system and consequently lipid peroxidation depend on smoking may affect sophisticated visual tests including contrast sensitivity (CS) and pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEP). Subjects: This non-randomised control study included 24 chronic, heavy smokers who were smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day at least for last 10 years. Sixteen age and sex-matched, healthy, non-smokers were taken as controls. All volunteer subjects were accumulated from the outpatient clinic. To rule out the effect of alcoholism and malnutrition, we chose young, healthy heavy smokers who maintained adequate diet and who had no alcohol consumption history. Following visual acuity and color vision tests, all subjects were applied to CS and PVEP tests. Values of CS, N75-P100 amplitude and P100 wave latency were compared between the study and control subjects. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in plasma and erythrocytes were determined by spectrophotometer. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level, as an end product of lipid peroxidation, was assessed by spectrofluorometric method. Results: CS was determined to be significantly reduced in smokers compared to nonsmokers, although central vision and PVEP responses were not affected. Erythrocyte SOD activity and plasma MDA levels were significantly increased in smokers compared to controls. There were positive correlations between plasma SOD and erythrocyte SOD; CS and erythrocyte SOD; and CS and plasma SOD. Conclusions: The results suggest the possible association between early CS loss and increase in antioxidant enzyme activities thus reflecting an increased oxidative damage due to cumulative effect of chronic smoking. Elevated concentrations of lipid peroxidation products in the plasma of smokers may directly show the increased oxidative damage in these subjects.
The effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in rabbits
(Oxford Univ Press Inc, 1999) Ilhan, A; Koltuksuz, U; Ozen, S; Uz, E; Ciralik, H; Akyol, O
Objective: Oxygen-derived free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of spinal cord neuronal injury after both trauma and ischemia-reperfusion. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis extract, exhibits antioxidant properties. This experimental study was designed to determine the effect of CAFE on ischemia-reperfusion of spinal cord in rabbits. Methods: Forty-one New Zealand white rabbits were used in the study. The animals undergone aortic occlusion were divided into three groups each consisting of 11 rabbits: methylprednisolone (MP), CAFE, and control. CAFE 10 mu mol/kg, methyl prednisolone (MP) 30 mg/kg or similar dose saline were injected intraperitoneally before surgical intervention. Animals were subjected to 21 min of cross-clamp time. At the end of occlusion time, the clamps were removed and restoration of the blood flow was verified visually. Animals in sham group (n = 8) underwent a surgical procedure similar to the other groups but the aorta was not occluded. Neurological status was scored by assessment of hindlimb motor function deficit. Results: The scores in CAFE group was different from control groups at 48 h (3.91 +/- 0.5 vs. 2.91 +/- 0.7; P = 0.0013). Spinal cord specimens were obtained to determine the tissue levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and histological changes. Malondialdehyde levels in control group were increased significantly when compared to sham group (124.22 +/- 24.36 and 41.92 +/- 10.08 nmol/g wet tissue, P = 0.0003). MDA levels in the CAFE group were lower than MP group and differences between the two groups were statistically significant (56.77 +/- 15.265 and 107.74 +/- 19.31 nmol/g wet tissue, P = 0.0001), We did not observe additional tissue injury in CAFE group when compared to control group. SOD and CAT activities were not concordant in all the groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that CAFE may be an available agent to protect the spinal cord from ischemia-reperfusion injury. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V, All rights reserved.
Evidence that the activities of erythrocyte free radical scavenging enzymes and the products of lipid peroxidation ape increased in different forms of schizophrenia
(Springernature, 2001) Herken, H; Uz, E; Özyurt, H; Sögüt, S; Virit, O; Akyol, Ö
In order to examine antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in schizophrenia patients, activities of three free radical scavenging enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT)), and the level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) as an index of lipid peroxidation have been studied in red blood cells. Schizophrenic patients were divided into three groups (disorganized (n = 21), paranoid (n = 26) and residual types (n = 18)) to determine differences between subgroups. SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities in the control group were found to be 1461.0 +/- 248.6 U g(-1) Hb, 148.2 +/- 59.3 k g(-1) Hb and 25.87 +/- 4.25 U g(-1) Hb, respectively. We found no significant differences in SOD activities between study and control groups. There was a significant increase in SOD activity in the residual group compared to the paranoid group (P < 0.005). CAT activity was found to be increased in disorganized (148%), paranoid (147%), and residual (165%) groups compared to the control group. GSH-Px activity was markedly increased in the study groups except the paranoid group. Statistically significant (3-4 fold) increases in TBARS levels of red blood cells were found in all the study groups. It is proposed that antioxidant status may be changed in schizophrenia and thus may induce lipid peroxidation. Therefore, oxidative stress may have a pathophysiological role in all the subtypes of schizophrenia.
Hair lead and cadmium concentrations in patients with epilepsy and migraine
(Wiley, 2003) Sasmaz, S; Uz, E; Pinar, T; Vural, H; Eiri, M; Ilhan, A; Akyol, Ö
Epilepsy and migraine are neurological manifestations of neurocutaneous diseases. The studies that investigate the etiology of these manifestations may illuminate the physiopathological bases of neurocutaneous disorders. The hypothesis that the elevation of toxic trace element concentration in the brain is an important triggering factor for seizures and subsequent neuronal damage in epilepsy and migraine was investigated in this clinical prospective study. The levels of two heavy metals (lead [Pb] and cadmium [Cd]) in scalp hair were measured in patients with epilepsy (n=33) and migraine (n=40) as well as healthy control subjects (n=26). The hair concentration of these two toxic trace elements was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. There was a significant increase in Pb concentration in epilepsy group when compared to both control (p<0.006) and migraine group (p<0.02). There was no difference in mean Cd concentration of hair from epilepsy, migraine patients and control groups. Therefore, no conclusive findings were obtained for Cd. Elevated Pb content in epileptic patients was accepted as being of particular importance. Our findings support the hypothesis that the elevation in Pb concentration in the scalp hair amongst patients with epilepsy may show the elevation in the brain and constitute an important triggering factor for seizures.
The indices of endogenous oxidative and antioxidative processes in plasma from schizophrenic patients The possible role of oxidant/antioxidant imbalance
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2002) Akyol, Ö; Herken, H; Uz, E; Fadillioglu, E; Ünal, S; Sögüt, S; Özyurt, H
There is great evidence in recent years that oxygen free radicals play an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The present study was performed to assess the changes in plasma nitric oxide (NO) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities in schizophrenic patients compared to age- and sex-matched normal controls. A hundred patients with schizophrenia and 51 healthy volunteers were included in the study. XO, SOD, and GSH-Px activities as well as NO and TBARS levels were estimated by standard biochemical techniques in the plasma of normal healthy controls and schizophrenia patients. In schizophrenia, increased plasma XO activity (P<.0001) and NO levels (P<.0001), decreased SOD activity (P<.0001), and unchanged GSH-Px activity were detected compared to control group. Plasma TBARS levels were increased in schizophrenic patients (P<.01), especially in the residual subtype. TBARS levels in nonsmoker schizophrenic patients were found to be higher than nonsmoker controls. Although TBARS levels in both patients and controls were found to be higher in smokers as compared to nonsmokers, it was not statistically significant. No effects of duration of the illness, gender, and low and high dose of daily neuroleptic treatment equivalent to chlorpromazine on oxidant and antioxidant parameters were observed. Because the dose and the duration of treatment with drugs have no influence on the results, it can be interpreted that the findings are more likely to be related mainly to the underlying disease. These findings indicated a possible role of increased oxidative stress and diminished enzymatic antioxidants, both of which may be relevant to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. On the other hand, increased NO production by nitric oxide synthetases (NOSs) suggests a possible role of NO in the pathophysiological process of schizophrenia. These findings may also suggest some clues for the new treatment strategies with antioxidants and NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors in schizophrenia. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
Malondialdehyde level and total superoxide dismutase activity in seminal fluid from patients with varicocele
(Springer-Verlag, 2001) Akyol, Ö; Özbek, E; Uz, E; Koçak, I
[Abstract Not Available]
Plasma malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels in age related macular degeneration
(British Med Journal Publ Group, 2001) Totan, Y; Çekiç, O; Borazan, M; Uz, E; Sögüt, S; Akyol, Ö
Aims-To evaluate alteration of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in patients with exudative age related macular degeneration (ARMD). Methods-Plasma. nitrite plus nitrate concentrations as an index of plasma NO levels and plasma MDA level as a marker of lipid peroxidation were measured in patients with exudative ARMD and age and sex matched healthy subjects. Results-Significantly higher MDA and lower NO levels were detected in plasma of patients with ARMD compared with their controls (p=0.01, p=0.001, respectively). Conclusion-The results may support involvement of oxidative damage and vascular theory in the pathogenesis of ARMD as part of the ageing process.
Plasma superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde level correlate with the extent of acute appendicitis
(Springer-Verlag, 2000) Koltuksuz, U; Uz, E; Özen, S; Aydinc, M; Karaman, A; Akyol, Ö
Although the mechanism of acute appendicitis (AA) is partly understood, the progression following the onset of inflammation has not yet been clarified. To determine oxidative activities in the plasma of patients with AA, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in samples from 31 patients diagnosed as having AA and 10 otherwise healthy children with inguinal pathologies. The patients with AA were divided into three subgroups: acute focal (AFA) (n = 8), acute suppurative (ASA) (n = 9), and acute perforated appendicitis (APA) (n = 14), according to the intraoperative findings and histopathologic examination.. SOD and MDA were compared statistically between these subgroups and between them and the control group. Additionally, mean leukocyte counts of each group were determined and the differences between the groups were evaluated. Both SOD and MDA were significantly higher in the ASA and APA groups compared to controls and AFA group. The mean leukocyte numbers of the ASA and APA groups were significantly higher compared to the AFA group. Based to these results, it may be speculated that oxygen free radicals (OFR) may play an important role in the extent of AA. To prevent the hazardous effects of OFR, the organism may increase SOD and other antioxidant enzyme levels and/or activities.
The possible pathophysiological role of plasma nitric oxide and adrenomedullin in schizophrenia
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2002) Zoroglu, SS; Herken, H; Yürekli, M; Uz, E; Tutkun, H; Savas, HA; Bagci, C
Evidence is accumulating for a possible role of nitric oxide (NO) in schizophrenia. Adrenomedullin (AM) induces vasorelaxation by activating adenylate cyclase and also by stimulating the release of NO. AM immune reactivity is present in the brain consistent with a role as neurotransmitter. We aimed to examine plasma levels of nitrite (a metabolite of NO) and AM in schizophrenic patients. Eighty-two patients with schizophrenia and 21 healthy control subjects were included in this study. DSM-IV diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia was established on the basis of independent structured clinical interviews and review of records by two qualified psychiatrists which included the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and The Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). Total nitrite and AM have been studied in plasma. The mean values of plasma nitrite and AM levels in schizophrenic group were significantly higher than control values, respectively (P = 0.03, P < 0.0001). AM levels of schizophrenic patients were three fold higher than controls. In correlation analyses, there were statistically significant positive correlations between AM level and SAPS-delusion subscale (r = 0.27, P = 0.04); SAPS-bizarre behavior subscale (r = 0.28, P = 0.03) and SAPS-total (r = 0.36, P = 0.005). There is no correlation between total nitrite and AM levels (r = 0.11, P = 0.31). Both NO and AM may have a pathophysiological role in schizophrenia, and clinically symptomatology and prognosis of schizophrenia. This subject needs further study including treatment response and subtypes of schizophrenia. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Possible role of nitric oxide and adrenomedullin in bipolar affective disorder
(Karger, 2002) Savas, HA; Herken, H; Yürekli, M; Uz, E; Tutkun, H; Zoroglu, SS; Özen, ME
Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated to play a role in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders. Adrenomedullin (AM) induces vasorelaxation by activating adenylate cyclase and also by stimulating the release of NO. AM immune reactivity is present in the brain, consistent with a role as neurotransmitter. Therefore, it is suggested that these two molecules may play a role together in the brain. We aimed to examine AM and NO in bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). Forty-four patients with BPAD and 21 healthy control subjects were included in this study. DSM-IV diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder (type 1, manic episodes) was independently established by two psychiatrists and the Turkish version of the Bech-Rafaelson Mania Scale was administered. Also, a semistructured form was used to ascertain several sociodemographic and clinical variables of the patients. AM and NO were studied in plasma. The mean value of plasma NO levels in the BPAD group of 46.58 +/- 13.97 mumol/l was significantly higher than that of controls (31.81 +/- 8.14 mumol/l) (z = -4.15, p = 0.000). Mean plasma AM levels were found to be increased in patients with BPAD (35.13 +/- 5.26 pmol/l) compared to controls (16.22 +/- 3.02 pmol/l) (z = -6.16, p = 0.000). AM levels of BPAD patients were approximately 2-fold higher than controls. AM levels were positively correlated with the duration of hospitalization for the current episode and negatively correlated with the total duration of illness. Both NO and AM may have a pathophysiological role in BPAD (type I, manic episodes) and the clinical symptomatology and prognosis of BPAD. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel.
The protective role of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on testicular tissue after testicular torsion and detorsion
(Springer, 2002) Uz, E; Sögüt, S; Sahin, S; Var, A; Özyurt, H; Güleç, M; Akyol, Ö
Testicular artery occlusion causes an enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species, which contributes to the pathophysiology of tissue damage. Here, we have investigated the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a new antioxidant and antiinflammatory agent, in rats subjected to testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D). Thirty-five male rats were divided into four groups: sham operation group (n = 8), torsion group (n = 9), T/ D + saline group (n = 9) and T/D + CAPE group (n = 9). Rats, except the sham operation group, were subjected to left unilateral torsion (720degrees rotation in the clockwise direction) without including the epididymis. After torsion (2 h) and detorsion (4 h) periods, rats were sacrificed and bilateral orchidectomy was performed. Testis tissues were washed with cold saline solution, cut into small pieces with scissors, placed into glass bottles and homogenised in four volumes of ice-cold Tris-HCl buffer. Clear supernatant fluid was used for biochemical analyses. Treating rats with CAPE (applied at 10 mumol/kg, 30 min prior to T/D) attenuated the testicular injury, as well as the increase in the tissue levels of myeloperoxidase and thiobarbituric acid-reactant substances (TBARS) caused by T/D in the testis. Testis tissues showed a significant increase in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity compared to the torsion group when CAPE was applied. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that CAPE treatment exerts a protective effect on testicular T/D, and part of this effect may be due to inhibiting the neutrophil-mediated cellular injury.
Red blood cell nitric oxide levels in patients with schizophrenia
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2001) Herken, H; Uz, E; Özyurt, H; Akyol, Ö
[Abstract Not Available]
The relationship between serum trace element changes and visual function in heavy smokers
(Wiley, 2003) Uz, E; Sahin, S; Hepsen, IF; Var, A; Sogut, S; Akyol, O
Purpose: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate serum manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) levels and visual functions including visual acuity, colour vision, pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEPs), and contrast sensitivity in heavy smokers and to compare these with the equivalent levels and functions in non-smokers. Methods: Data were recorded in 24 healthy, chronic and heavy cigarette smokers and 16 healthy, non-smoking control subjects. Serum Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations in all subjects were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results: Both study and control subjects had normal visual acuity and colour vision. Pattern visual evoked potentials were normal in all study and control subjects. Contrast sensitivity was significantly reduced in heavy smokers compared to non-smokers (p<0.023), despite the fact that central vision and PVEP responses were not affected. Mean serum Mn and Zn levels were significantly lower in smokers than in non-smokers (p<0.0001 and p<0.005, respectively). Conclusions: Reduced contrast sensitivity values associated with low levels of serum Mn and Zn, which function as cofactors of superoxide dismutase in erythrocyte and other nucleated cells, suggest a possible role of trace elements in smoking-induced early retinal toxicity.
The relationships between plasma and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
(Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2001) Akyol, Ö; Isçi, N; Temel, I; Özgöçmen, S; Uz, E; Murat, M; Büyükberber, S
Objective. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the activities of some key erythrocyte and plasma enzymes participating in free radical metabolism and the end product of lipid peroxidation in rheumatoid arthritis, and whether there are any differences for these parameters between newly diagnosed untreated patients and rheumatoid arthritis patients on drug therapy. Patients and methods. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and malondialdehyde levels were determined in erythrocytes and plasma samples from 54 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (21 of whom without any treatment and 33 on classical therapy regimens) and from 33 healthy controls. Results. There were no statistically significant differences in mean values of activities of the erythrocyte enzymes between the patients and controls. Malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased in both newly diagnosed untreated patients and patients on drug therapy compared to control subjects. Malondialdehyde levels were lower in the treated group than the newly diagnosed untreated group (0.214 +/- 0.111 mu mol/L and 0.388 +/- 0.075 mu mol/L, respectively) (P < 0.0001). Mean plasma superoxide dismutase activity was lower in the group of newly diagnosed untreated patients compared to those of the treated and control groups (1.31 +/- 0.69 U/mL, 1.79 +/- 0.94 U/mL and 2.48 +/- 0.95 U/mL, respectively) (P < 0.0001, untreated vs control groups). Conclusions. These results suggest sufficient antioxidant enzyme activities in erythrocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and also increased lipid peroxidation end products in newly diagnosed untreated patients compared to control group and patients on drug therapy. (C) 2001 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.
Serum and hair trace element levels in patients with epilepsy and healthy subjects: does the antiepileptic therapy affect the element concentrations of hair?
(Wiley, 1999) Ilhan, A; Uz, E; Kali, S; Var, A; Akyol, O
In this study, hair magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) levels, and serum Zn and Mg levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer in patients with epilepsy (n = 33) and healthy subjects (n = 21), and results obtained were statistically compared. The mean hair Cu, Mg, and Zn levels of epileptic patients were significantly lower than the levels of control subjects. There was no significant difference between epileptic patients and control subjects in respect to the mean Mn levels. Mean serum Mg levels in epileptic patients showed significant difference, but serum Zn levels were similar among both groups. When the effects of anticonvulsant therapy on Cu, Zn, Mn, and Mg in the hair, and Mg and Zn in the serum were analyzed in epileptics, there was no significant difference between the patients with or without therapy. Likewise, the mean trace element levels in epileptics showed no significant difference according to the type of antiepileptic drug and seizure, and gender. We suggest that the changed element status (Zn, Mg, and Cu) in hair may play an indicator role in the diagnosis of epileptic patients, fur J Neurol 6:705-709 (C) 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Testicular nitric oxide levels after unilateral testicular torsion/detorsion in rats pretreated with caffeic acid phenethyl ester
(Springer-Verlag, 2000) Koltuksuz, U; Irmak, MK; Karaman, A; Uz, E; Var, A; Özyurt, H; Akyol, Ö
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in modulating blood flow in normal and in several pathological conditions, and its levels seem to change with ischemia-reperfusion injuries. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis, exhibits antioxidant properties. This experimental study was designed to determine the changes in NO levels and the effect of CAPE on NO levels after testicular torsion/ detorsion in rats. Thirty-five adult male albino rats were divided into four groups: sham operation (n = 8), torsion (n = 9), saline/detorsion (n = 9), and CAPE/detorsion (n = 9). Rats in the sham operation group were killed after the testes were handled without torsion. Rats in the torsion group were killed after 720 degrees clockwise testicular torsion for 2 h. CAPE was administered 30 min before detorsion in the CAPE/detorsion group and saline was administered in the saline/detorsion group. After 4 h of testicular detorsion in both of these groups, the rats were killed and bilateral orchiectomy was performed to determine the tissue levels of NO. The level of NO in the torsion group (113.77 +/- 33.18 nmol/g protein) was significantly higher than that of the sham operation group (64.53 +/- 29.64 nmol/g protein). In the saline/detorsion group, the NO level (31.26 +/- 12.58 nmol/g protein) was significantly lower than in the torsion and sham operation groups. CAPE administration in the CAPE/detorsion group seemed to raise the NO level (72.63 +/- 23.87 nmol/g protein) above the level of the sham operation group. Contralateral testes were not affected by the torsion/detorsion processes performed on the ipsilateral testes. These results show that NO levels increase with torsion and decrease with detorsion. CAPE administration seems to increase tissue NO levels and this may be important for protecting the testes from torsion/detorsion injuries.
Tissue xanthine oxidase activity and nitric oxide levels after spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in rabbits
(Wiley, 2002) Sahin, S; Sögüt, S; Özyurt, H; Uz, E; Ilhan, A; Akyol, Ö
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester exhibits antioxidant properties. This experimental study was designed to determine the effect of CAPE on nitric NO level and XO activity after reperfusion injury of spinal cord. New Zealand white rabbits were undergone aortic occlusion. CAPE, methylprednisolone or saline were injected intraperitoneally before surgical intervention. Animals were subjected to 21 min of crossclamp time. At the end of occlusion time, the clamps were removed and restoration of the blood flow was verified visually. Animals in sham group underwent a surgical procedure similar to the other groups but the aorta was not occluded. Spinal cord specimens were obtained to determine the tissue levels of NO and XO activity. Both XO activity and NO level in ischemia group were significantly higher than those of sham group (p = 0.0005 and 0.0003, respectively). MP and CAPE had no effect on XO activity after reperfusion. These two agents decreased NO levels nearly to that of sham group after reperfusion. There were no differences between MP and CAPE on reducing NO level. These results suggest that rabbits with ischemia-reperfusion injury in spinal cord have increased cord concentrations of nitrite and nitrate that are indicative of endogenous overproduction of NO. CAPE may be regarded as an agent that protects spinal cord from ischemia-reperfusion injury.

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