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    The association of GLUT-1, Galectin 3 and Claudin 1 staining with the type of renal tumors
    (2019) Turna, Seval; Coban, Ganime; Yildiz, Pelin; Unver, Nurcan; Buyukpinarbasili, Nur; Ersoz, Cevper; Gucin, Zuhal
    Aim: The mechanism of carcinogenesis and prognostic parameters of renal cell carcinomas(RCC) exhibiting an increasing incidence trend are still obscure. Even though new tumors types are identified, diagnostic difficulty is even experienced occasionally for the most common tumor types. Various immunohistochemical and molecular-genetic studies are conducted for tumor type identification and prognostic evaluation. The present study examined glucose transporter protein (GLUT-1), galectin-3 that is associated with cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, adhesion, angiogenesis and apoptosis, and Claudin 1, a transmembrane protein of intercellular tight junctions, immunohistochemically for the most commonly encountered renal tumors. The staining patterns were compared in terms of Fuhrman nuclear grade, stage, metastasis, and demographic data. Material and Methods: Methods: The study consisted of a total of 99 renal tumor cases including 40 Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (CCRCC), 22 Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma (CrRCC), 16 Oncocytoma and 19 Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma (PRCC) cases. Results: Overexpression of GLUT-1 was observed in 92.5% of CCRCC cases and 36.8% of PRCC cases whereas the loss of expression was observed in CrRCC and Oncocytoma. Claudin-1 was seen in 77.5% of the CCRCCs, 45.4% of the CrRCCs, 81.25% of the oncocytomas and 84.2% of the PRCCs. Galectin-3 was present in 90% of the CCRCCs, 81% of the CrRCCs, 50% of the oncocytomas and 21% of the PRCC Conclusion: Diffuse membranous staining pattern was observed for GLUT-1 in case of CCRCC, however, no correlation with prognostic parameters was noticed. Claudin-1 expression was observed in high nuclear grade tumors. Thus, it may be regarded as a poor prognostic factor. Galectin 3 expression was observed in the tumors with sarcomatoid differentiation.
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    Exploring the protein signature of endometrial cancer: A comprehensive review through diverse samples and mass spectrometry-based proteomics
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2025) Yildirim, Oyku Su; Yildiz, Pelin; Karaer, Abdullah; Calleja-Agius, Jean; Ozcan, Sureyya
    Endometrial cancer (EC) is increasing incidence among women, and it constitutes a health problem for women globally. An important aspect of EC management involves the use of protein biomarkers for early detection and monitoring. Protein biomarkers allow the identification of high-risk patients, the detection of the disease in its early stages, and the assessment of treatment responses. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics offers robust analytical techniques and a comprehensive understanding of proteins. Proteomics methods allow scientists to investigate both the quantities and functions of proteins. Thus, it provides valuable insights into how proteins are altered under different conditions. This review summarizes recent advances in MS-based proteomic biomarker discovery for EC, focusing on different sample types and MS-based techniques used in clinical studies. The review emphasized in detail the most commonly used key sources such as blood, urine, vaginal fluids and tissue. Furthermore, MS-based proteomics techniques such as untargeted, targeted, sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS) and mass spectrometry imaging used in the discovery and validation/ validation phases were evaluated. This review highlights the importance of biomarker discovery and clinical translation to improve diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes in EC. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of MS-based proteomics in EC, guiding future research and clinical applications.