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Öğe Assessment of phytotoxic and genotoxic effects of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles on maize cultivar by using RAPD analysis(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2018) Mutlu F.; Yurekli F.; Mutlu B.; Emre F.B.; Okusluk F.; Ozgul O.In this study, early phytotoxic and genotoxic effects of chemically synthesized nano-TiO2 (anatase) were investigated in seedlings of maize (Zea mays cv. Hido). Control (Hoagland) and NaCl (300 mM) groups were administered with nano-TiO2 (0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3%). Seed germination and seedling growth parameters of maize cultivar were markedly inhibited by salt stress. Nano-TiO2, without depending on concentration, was found to be ineffective on germination percentage in all administrations. On the contrary, nano-TiO2 caused significant increases in root-stem length and fresh-dry weights especially in NaCl+nano-TiO2 administrations. In salt administered samples, 0.3% nano-TiO2 increased root length 1.4 fold, stem length 4.8 fold, and fresh weight 1.2 fold. Genotoxic properties of nano-TiO2 in seedlings of maize were evaluated by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR). In RAPD analysis, 20 RAPD primers were found to produce unique polymorphic band profiles at different concentrations of nano-TiO2 maize seedlings. Genomic template stability (GTS), a qualitative measurement of changes in RAPD patterns of genomic DNA, decreased depending on increasing nano-TiO2, NaCl, and NaCl+nano-TiO2 concentrations. Therefore, it could be concluded that nano-TiO2 of appropriate dose can be used to ameliorate negative effects of salt stress by increasing growth potential of maize. © by PSP.Öğe Interactions between cadmium and phytochelatin accumulation in two different sunflower cultivars(2009) Doganlar Z.B.P.; Yurekli F.The effects of cadmium sulfate on cadmium accumulation and phytochelatin synthesis were investigated in leaf, stem and root tissues of two sunflower cultivars, cadmium tolerant Helianthus annum cv. Meriç and sensitive Tarsan 1018. The seedlings were grown for 15 days in Hoagland solution and then exposed to CdSO4 at 150 ?M, 200 ?M, 250 ?M and 300 ?M for 4 days. Most cadmium accumulations were determined in the roots of both cultivars on the 2nd and 4th day. The cadmium sensitive cultivar, Tarsan 1018, accumulated more Cd in all tissues compared to the tolerant cultivar. Phytochelatin synthesis was induced by Cd exposure in both cultivars at the 2nd and 4th day. Higher phytochelatin accumulation was observed in root tissues of Tarsan 1018 cultivar at the 4 th day. Phytochelatin levels in all tissues of both cultivars increased depending on Cd accumulation in those tissues.Öğe Investigation of antioxidant enzyme activities in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars depending on nitric oxide application under cadmium stress(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2018) Mutlu F.; Yurekli F.; Kirecci O.; Dengiz F.Wheat cultivars chosen for their cadmium (Cd) tolerance (Sönmez-2001) and sensitivity (Quality) were grown in Hoagland solution for 5 days and then they were treated with 50, 100 and 200?M sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, with 9 mM Cd. Samples were taken at 24th and 72nd hours after the administration. In the present study, when examining changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX, and GST) which are known as internal defense systems built up by cultivars against Cd stress, these enzymes were observed to pose different responses compared to Cd and Cd+SNP administrations. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in plant tissues were also determine comparatively in order to find out lipid peroxidation. The obtained results showed that Cd stress significantly increased lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. This increase was found to be higher at various rates in different treatments in sensitive cultivar Quality compared to tolerant cultivar Sönmez-2001. Cd+SNP treatments increased antioxidant enzyme activities throughout the applications compared to cadmium. This increase was determined to be significant especially in Quality cultivar and thus substantially reduced Cd toxicity. Some Cd+SNP treatments lead to decline in enzyme activities and decrease in lipid peroxidation. In Sönmez cultivar, Cd+100?M SNP treatment decreased catalase activity at 24th and 72nd hours compared to cadmium treatment; Cd+50?M SNP reduced GST activity at 72nd hour in both cultivars. Cd+SNP treatments increased MDA levels identified at 24th and 72nd hours in Quality cultivar compared to cadmium treatment; but it led to decrease MDA levels in Sönmez cultivar. This decrease was found as 46.40% in Cd+ 100?M SNP treatment and 51.43% in Cd+ 200?M SNP treatment at 72nd hour. Based on the decrease in MDA level in Sönmez cultivar, especially at 24th hour, Quality cultivar was found to have higher MDA content than Sönmez cultivar. NO demonstrated a reduced or counteractive effect on the Cdinduced increase in the activities of some typical antioxidant enzymes. These results indicate that SNP has great application potential for improving the growth of plants under heavy metal stress such as Cd toxicity. © by PSP.Öğe The relationship between nitric oxide and plant hormones in SNP administrated sunflower plants under salt stress condition(Wydawnictwo Akad Rolniczej W Lublinie, 2016) Yurekli F.; Kirecci O.A.Nitric oxide (NO) and sodium nitro prusside (SNP) are striking molecules and play important roles in animals and plants. SNP serves as nitric oxide donor in both group. NO can act free radical and impaires important biomolecules functions beside this it has beneficial effect recovery from salinity, drought etc. NO and SNP are beneficial and protectant molecules in cope with stressfull conditions. In plants these molecules are very important, and regulate many physiological events. In the present study, endogen abscisic acid (ABA), indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and NO levels were investigated in NaCl, SNP and plant growth regulators treated sunflower plant (Helianthus annuus L.) leaves and roots. The content of NO was higher in GA3 + SNP treated plant leaves at 72 h. The highest IAA level was determined in IAA + SNP treated plant roots at 72 h. In NaCl + ABA treated plant leaves ABA was higher at 72 and GA3 levels were equal or less than the control group. Our results showed that coadministration of SNP and plant growth regulators cope with salinity stress via elevated internal hormone and NO level versus salinity. © Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie, Lublin 2016.Öğe Synthesis of phytochelatins in Helianthus annuus is enhanced by cadmium nitrate(2003) Yurekli F.; Kucukbay Z.Phytochelatins are the principal heavy metal-detoxifying components in plants. To investigate phytochelatin (PHC) production and the importance of these compounds for heavy metal tolerance, sunflower (Helianthus annuus) was exposed to cadmium. The leaves and roots of sunflower plants cultivated in the presence of 15, 25 and 50 ? M Cd(NO3)2 for 3 and 9 days showed increased tolerance to cadmium and contained higher concentrations of phytochelatins. The phytochelatin level was assayed by using HPLC and the Cd level was determined by atomic spectrum analysis.
