Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Breast: A Systematic Review of Clinicopathologic, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Features

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dc.contributor.authorAkbulut, Sami
dc.contributor.authorDalda, Yasin
dc.contributor.authorIvanova, Mariia
dc.contributor.authorFusco, Nicola
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-04T13:37:36Z
dc.date.available2026-04-04T13:37:36Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBackground: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the breast is a very rare salivary gland-like tumor, accounting for 0.2%-0.3% of all breast cancers (BC). This study aims to review the literature on MEC of the breast. Methods: This systematic review focuses on MEC of the breast, conducted in line with PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered in PROSPERO under ID CRD420251089598. Searches were performed in PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, using terms such as mucoepidermoid carcinoma, breast, and similar terms. No language restrictions were applied. Studies published between January 1, 1979, and July 1, 2025, were included. Results: Median age was 57 years (95% CI: 53-60). The most common presentation was a palpable breast mass (64.7%), followed by incidental detection via mammography (10.6%). Tumors were located in the left breast (49.4%) and in the right breast (43.5%). The most frequent tumor localization was the upper-outer quadrant (20.0%). Median tumor size was 21 mm (95% CI: 19-30). Modified radical mastectomy (30.6%) was the most common surgical approach, followed by breast-conserving surgery with sentinel or level dissection (29.4%), and simple mastectomy or its variants (17.6%). Immunohistochemistry revealed positivity for P63 (52.9%), CK5/6 (41.2%), CK7 (45.9%), Ki67 (44.7%), ER (24.7%), PR (4.7%), and HER2 (9.4%) with TNBC phenotype (36.5%), genetic alterations (16.5%), and distant metastasis (9.4%). Follow-up data revealed 7 deaths, of which 5 were due to MEC, and these five patients consistently exhibited poor prognostic features. Compared to the 63 survivors with follow-up data, they showed significantly higher rates of axillary lymph node positivity (p = 0.005) and advanced N stage (p = 0.001); in addition, all five had high-grade tumors (p = 0.001) and documented distant metastases (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Breast MEC is a rare malignancy with generally favorable prognosis in low-grade cases, but high-grade tumors show more aggressive behavior. In this study, all disease-related deaths occurred in high-grade tumors with axillary node involvement, advanced N stage, and distant metastasis-highlighting their prognostic significance. CK5/6, CK7, and P63 were frequently positive, whereas hormone receptors were usually negative. Close follow-up is essential, especially for high-grade tumors.
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/wjs.70077
dc.identifier.endpage2643
dc.identifier.issn0364-2313
dc.identifier.issn1432-2323
dc.identifier.issue10
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-9101-9131
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6864-7711
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-0701-8399
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-7636-1000
dc.identifier.pmid40889143
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105014816599
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage2630
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1002/wjs.70077
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/109922
dc.identifier.volume49
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001561420600001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWiley
dc.relation.ispartofWorld Journal of Surgery
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250329
dc.subjectbreast cancer
dc.subjectgenetic alterations
dc.subjecthistological grading
dc.subjectimmunohistochemistry
dc.subjectmucoepidermoid carcinoma
dc.subjectprognosis
dc.titleMucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Breast: A Systematic Review of Clinicopathologic, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Features
dc.typeArticle

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