Muallim Naci'nin düşünce dünyası ve Tanzimat yenileşmesindeki yeri
Yükleniyor...
Dosyalar
Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Tanzimat devrinin önemli sanatçılarından biri olan Muallim Naci, tartışmalı kimliği dolayısıyla birçok esere konu olmuştur. Yapılan çalışmalara rağmen Naci'nin eski-yeni meselesindeki konumu, eskiye mahkûm edilişinin sebepleri, dilciliği, çeşitli sosyal konulardaki fikirleri, siyasal duruşu, psikolojisi, şairliği ile dil ve üslubu yeterince aydınlanmamıştır. Bu çalışmada Naci'nin şairliğinin haricinde, bu temel sorunlar üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışma; giriş, Naci'nin hayatı, edebiyat ve dil görüşleri ile sosyal ve siyasal fikirlerinin incelendiği üç bölüm ile sonuç metninden oluşmuştur. Birinci bölümde Naci'nin hayatının çeşitli aşamaları aydınlatılmış, sanatı ile mizacı ve psikolojisi arasında koşutluklar tespit edilmiştir. İkinci bölüm ise Naci'nin edebiyat ve dile dair fikirlerinin irdelendiği iki kısımdan oluşmuştur. Bu bölümün temel iddiası, Naci'yi eskiye mahkûm eden yaklaşımların dayanıksızlığını ortaya koymaktır. Yine üçüncü bölümün temel hedefi ise Naci'nin zihniyet dünyasını sosyal ve siyasal düşünce açısından aydınlatmaktır. Eski edebiyatı; mazmunların anonimliği ve gerçeğe aykırılığı, şekilcilik, dil, taklit, dalkavukluk ve mazmunun tahakkümü yönüyle eleştirip dinî hususiyeti sebebiyle beğenen Naci, yeni edebiyatı ise donanımsızlık, basitlik, Batı taklitçiliği yönlerinden eleştirip sade dil ve gerçeklik açısından över. Dil meselesine ise kültür milliyetçiliği noktasında yaklaşan Naci, dille ilgilenmesini ulusal sorumluluğa dayandırıp Türkçenin sadeleşmesine önemli katkılarda bulunur. Zihniyet açısından da yeniye yakın olan Naci, Osmanlı modernleşmesi ve Doğu-Batı meselesinde sentezci bir yaklaşım sergiler. Batı kültürü karşısında muhafazakâr bir tutum takınan Naci, Batı'nın tekniğinden yararlanılması gerektiğine inanır. Naci, din konusunda her ne kadar mutaassıp bir görüntü çizse de bu konuda şekle değil, öze önem verir. Onun dinden beklediği fayda, insanın ahlaki yücelişidir. Naci, siyasal olarak Osmanlıcılığı ve ümmetçiliği benimser, kültürel milliyetçiliğe yaklaşır. Naci, eğitim meselesine ise millî menfaatler açısından yaklaşıp eğitimin gerekçesine yoğunlaşır; ayrıca eğitimde şiddete karşı çıkar. Anahtar Kelimeler: Muallim Naci, eski-yeni, Türkçenin sadeleşmesi, polemik, tenkit, Doğu-Batı
Muallim Naci, one of the important artists of the Tanzimat era, has been the subject of many publications due to his controversial identity. Despite the studies carried out, Naci's stand in the old-new issue, the reasons for his imprisonment to the old, his linguistics, his opinions on various social issues, his political stance, his psychology, his poetry and language and style were not sufficiently enlightened. In this study, apart from Naci's poetry, these basic problems are emphasized. This study consists of four chapters: Naci's life, his views on literature and language, and his social and political ideas, and a conclusion text. In the first part, various stages of Naci's life were enlightened, and parallels between his art, temperament and psychology were determined. The second part consists of two parts in which Naci's ideas on literature and language are examined. The main claim of this chapter is to reveal the weakness of the approaches that condemned Naci to be stuck in the past. Third part focuses on Naci's mentality when he approaches to the new. Naci, who criticizes the the classic Turkish literature for its anonymity and unreality, for its formalism, language, imitation, and its domination of poetry and likes it for its religious character, praises the new literature for its terms of plain language and reality while criticizing it in terms of its lack of equipment, simplicity of language, and Western imitation. Approaching the language issue from the point of cultural nationalism, Naci makes important contributions to the simplification of Turkish by basing his interest in language on national responsibility. Naci, who is also close to the new in terms of mentality, takes a synthesist approach in Ottoman modernization and the East-West issue. Naci has a conservative attitude towards Western culture, and believes that the technique of the West should be used. Although Naci draws a consensual image on religion, he attaches importance to essence, not form. The benefit that he expects from religion is the moral glory of human. Naci politically adopts Ottomanism and ummahism, approaches cultural nationalism. Naci approaches the issue of education in terms of national interests and focuses on the rationale of education. Keywords: Muallim Naci, old-new, simplification of Turkish language, polemic, criticism, East-West
Muallim Naci, one of the important artists of the Tanzimat era, has been the subject of many publications due to his controversial identity. Despite the studies carried out, Naci's stand in the old-new issue, the reasons for his imprisonment to the old, his linguistics, his opinions on various social issues, his political stance, his psychology, his poetry and language and style were not sufficiently enlightened. In this study, apart from Naci's poetry, these basic problems are emphasized. This study consists of four chapters: Naci's life, his views on literature and language, and his social and political ideas, and a conclusion text. In the first part, various stages of Naci's life were enlightened, and parallels between his art, temperament and psychology were determined. The second part consists of two parts in which Naci's ideas on literature and language are examined. The main claim of this chapter is to reveal the weakness of the approaches that condemned Naci to be stuck in the past. Third part focuses on Naci's mentality when he approaches to the new. Naci, who criticizes the the classic Turkish literature for its anonymity and unreality, for its formalism, language, imitation, and its domination of poetry and likes it for its religious character, praises the new literature for its terms of plain language and reality while criticizing it in terms of its lack of equipment, simplicity of language, and Western imitation. Approaching the language issue from the point of cultural nationalism, Naci makes important contributions to the simplification of Turkish by basing his interest in language on national responsibility. Naci, who is also close to the new in terms of mentality, takes a synthesist approach in Ottoman modernization and the East-West issue. Naci has a conservative attitude towards Western culture, and believes that the technique of the West should be used. Although Naci draws a consensual image on religion, he attaches importance to essence, not form. The benefit that he expects from religion is the moral glory of human. Naci politically adopts Ottomanism and ummahism, approaches cultural nationalism. Naci approaches the issue of education in terms of national interests and focuses on the rationale of education. Keywords: Muallim Naci, old-new, simplification of Turkish language, polemic, criticism, East-West
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı, Turkish Language and Literature
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Bozdağ, Erdal (2020). Muallim Naci'nin düşünce dünyası ve Tanzimat yenileşmesindeki yeri. Yayımlanmış Doktora tezi, İnönü Üniversitesi, Malatya.1-615 ss.
