Unlocking the Potential of Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR)-Based Polymer Electrolytes: Key Strategies, Bibliometric Insights, and Future Directions

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dc.contributor.authorWhba, Rawdah
dc.contributor.authorSahinbay, Sevda
dc.contributor.authorWhba, Fathyah
dc.contributor.authorNakir, Muhammed Yusuf
dc.contributor.authorAltin, Serdar
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-04T13:34:43Z
dc.date.available2026-04-04T13:34:43Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractNatural rubber (NR) and its modified forms, such as epoxidized NR (ENR), are widely used in industries due to their versatility, biodegradability, and unique elastomeric properties. ENR has recently gained attention as a sustainable alternative to synthetic polymer electrolytes (PEs) in low- to moderate-temperature electrochemical devices, including lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), supercapacitors, and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). It offers advantages such as low cost, eco-friendliness, and excellent film-forming ability. However, its practical application is hindered by poor mechanical strength, low ionic conductivity, and limited thermal and chemical stability, making it unsuitable for high-temperature systems like solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Advanced modification techniques-such as blending with reinforcing polymers, chemical cross-linking, graft copolymerization, and nanofiller incorporation-have been explored to overcome these limitations. These strategies significantly enhance ENR's mechanical robustness, ionic transport, and resistance to heat and solvents, improving its viability for targeted electrochemical applications. This perspective discusses recent progress in ENR-based PEs, emphasizing conductivity, moisture resistance, and long-term durability improvements. Sustainable fabrication methods are also critical to developing high-performance membranes that minimize fuel crossover while maintaining efficient ion transport. Therefore, future research should optimize ENR's electrochemical properties and thermal stability to support performance under challenging operating conditions.
dc.description.sponsorshipT?rkiye Burslari [FYL-2024-3572]; Inonu University BAP council
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors would like to acknowledge the Inonu University BAP council for financial support under project no. FYL-2024-3572. They also express gratitude to Turkiye Scholarships Burslar & imath; for supporting Dr. Rawdah Whba as a postdoctoral fellow in Turkiye. Special appreciation is extended to Istanbul Medeniyet University (IMU) and Inonu University for providing laboratory facilities and services for this project.
dc.identifier.doi10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c00631
dc.identifier.endpage17321
dc.identifier.issn0743-7463
dc.identifier.issn1520-5827
dc.identifier.issue27
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-3834-7881
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-4590-907X
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-4786-897X
dc.identifier.orcid0009-0000-8481-2353
dc.identifier.pmid40561280
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105008936742
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage17311
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c00631
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/109370
dc.identifier.volume41
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001517657800001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherAmer Chemical Soc
dc.relation.ispartofLangmuir
dc.relation.publicationcategoryDiğer
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250329
dc.titleUnlocking the Potential of Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR)-Based Polymer Electrolytes: Key Strategies, Bibliometric Insights, and Future Directions
dc.typeReview

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