Effects of Verapamil, Nifedipine, and Daflon on the Viability of Reverse-Flow Island Flaps in Rats

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dc.authoridEREN, AHMET/0000-0003-1202-8337
dc.authoridbay karabulut, aysun/0000-0002-7873-2805
dc.authoridKaradag Soylu, Nese/0000-0002-6303-5484
dc.authorwosidEREN, AHMET/AAK-9203-2020
dc.authorwosidbay karabulut, aysun/HJP-0995-2023
dc.authorwosidKaradag Soylu, Nese/ABH-9544-2020
dc.contributor.authorKilinc, Hidir
dc.contributor.authorAslan, Suleyman Serkan
dc.contributor.authorBilen, Bilge Turk
dc.contributor.authorEren, Ahmet Tuna
dc.contributor.authorKaradag, Nese
dc.contributor.authorKarabulut, Aysun Bay
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-04T20:37:53Z
dc.date.available2024-08-04T20:37:53Z
dc.date.issued2013
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractReverse-flow flaps are preferable in reconstructive surgery due to their several advantages. However, they may have venous insufficiency and poor blood flow. In this study, effects of various pharmacological agents on the viability of reverse-flow flaps were investigated. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Superficial epigastric artery- and superficial epigastric vein-based reverse-flow island flaps were preferred. The rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was considered as the control group. Group 2 was given verapamil 0.3 mg/kg per day, group 3 nifedipine 0.5 mg/kg per day, and group 4 Daflon 80 mg/kg per day for 7 days. On day 7, viable flap areas were measured, angiography was performed, serum nitric oxide levels were evaluated, and histopathological examination was done. The mean flap viability rate was 67.59%(+/- 13.12259) in group 1, 77.38% (+/- 4.12506) in group 2, 74.57% (+/- 3.44780) in group 3, and 85.39% (+/- 4.36125) in group 4 (P = 0.001). The mean nitric oxide level was 31.66 mu mol/dL (+/- 2.42212) in group 1, 51.00 mu mol/dL (+/- 2.96648) in group 2, 34.00 mu mol/dL (+/- 2.96648) in group 3, and 47.66 mu mol/dL (+/- 2.80476) in group 4 (P=0.001). On angiography, there were vessel dilations and convolutions in group 2; capillaries became noticeable, and anastomotic vessels extended toward the more distal part of the flaps in group 4. Histological examinations showed severe inflammation in group 3 and minimal inflammation and venous vasodilatation in group 2. Verapamil and Daflon in therapeutic doses significantly increased the viability of reverse-flow island flaps. However, nifedipine did not make a significant contribution to the flap viability. The results of this study will contribute to the literature about the hemodynamics of reverse-flow island flaps and guide further studies on the issue.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1097/SAP.0b013e31824c9315
dc.identifier.endpage614en_US
dc.identifier.issn0148-7043
dc.identifier.issn1536-3708
dc.identifier.issue5en_US
dc.identifier.pmid23407246en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-84886086487en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2en_US
dc.identifier.startpage610en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0b013e31824c9315
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/96246
dc.identifier.volume71en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000330457300038en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherLippincott Williams & Wilkinsen_US
dc.relation.ispartofAnnals of Plastic Surgeryen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectreverse flowen_US
dc.subjectretrogradeen_US
dc.subjectDaflonen_US
dc.subjectverapamilen_US
dc.titleEffects of Verapamil, Nifedipine, and Daflon on the Viability of Reverse-Flow Island Flaps in Ratsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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