Siyasal düşünürlerin devlete dair düşüncelerinin devletçilik ve bireycilik açısından karşılaştırmalı analizi
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Tarih
2023
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Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Siyasal düşünce tarihinde devlet, toplum ve birey birbirinden hiçbir zaman bağımsız olmamıştır. Bireyin devlet ile ilişkisi, toplumun devlet ile ilişkisi veya bireyin toplum ile ilişkisi, devlet yönetim sistemlerini etkilediği gibi hak ve özgürlük alanlarını da etkilemiştir. Bu kapsamda devletçilik ve bireycilik kuramları, çağlar arası farklılık göstermiştir. İlkçağ ve ortaçağ siyasal arenasında devlet emreden, birey ise boyun eğen konumda olmasına rağmen modern çağ ile birlikte bu durum değişiklik arz etmiştir. Özellikle geleneksel düşüncelerden kopuş farklılıkları daha da derinleştirmiştir. Modern çağ ile birlikte bu derinlik kendini birey hak ve hürriyetlerinde daha çok hissettirmiştir. Her ne kadar modern çağda da birey, ekseriyetle toplumsal olan içerisinde eritilse de özgürlük alanlarının korunması gerektiğine dair düşünceler de ortaya konulmuştur. Aynı şekilde modern çağda ekilen tohumların meyvesi demokratik düzenler ekseninde yakınçağda kendini daha çok hissettirmiştir. Çalışmada siyasal düşünürlerin devletçilik ve bireycilik düşüncelerinin taşıdığı manayı belirlemek için karşılaştırmalı analizler yapılmıştır. Antik Yunan'dan yakınçağa kadar analiz edilen dönemlerde özellikle çağlarının çerçevesini yansıtan düşünürlerin tercih edilmesine özen gösterilmiştir. Bu bağlamda farklı dönemlerde siyasal düşünürler tarafından ortaya konulan devletçilik ve bireycilik düşüncelerinin vurgulandığı çalışmada, özellikle ortaya konulan kuram ve görüşlerin, devletçilik ve veya bireycilik düşünce sistemlerinin hangi tarafında yer edindiği vurgulanmaya çalışılmıştır. Neticede geleneksel devlet yapılarından modern devlet yapılarının teşekkül ettirilmesi sürecine doğru ilerleme aşamasında fikirsel değişikliklerin meydana geldiği saptanmıştır. Geleneksel devlet yapılarında yönetimsel otoriteler için inançsal boyutun etkisi belirleyici iken modern devlet sisteminde daha çok toplumsal gerçekliklerden yola çıkılarak oluşturulmuş devlet mekanizması mevcuttur. Ancak modern devletin gelişim sürecinde birey hak ve hürriyetleri bağlamında önemli kazanımlar elde edilse de devletin müdahale alanının muhafaza edildiği saptanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Devlet, Birey, Toplum, Devletçilik, Bireycilik, Siyasi Düşünürler, Kolektivizm, İktidar.
In the history of political thought, the state, society and the individual have never been independent of each other. The relationship of the individual with the state, the relationship of society with the state or the relationship of the individual with society has affected the state administration systems as well as the areas of rights and freedoms. In thiscontext, the theories of statism and individualism have differed between ages. In the political arena of the ancient and medieval ages, the state was in the position of ordering and the individual was in the position of submission, but this situation has changed with the modern age. Especially the break with traditional ideas has deepened the differences even more. With the modern age, this depth has made itself felt more in individual rights and freedoms. Although in the modern age, the individual is mostly dissolved in the social, there are also ideas that the areas of freedom should be protected. Likewise, the fruits of the seeds sown in the modern age have made themselves felt more in the recent age on the axis of Democratic orders. In thisstudy, comparative analyses were made to determine the meaning of the ideas of statism and individualism of political thinkers. In the periods analysed from Ancient Greece to the recent era, care has been taken to prefer thinkers who reflect the framework of their era. In this context, in this study, in which the ideas of statism and individualism put forward by political thinkers in different periods are emphasised, it has been tried to emphasise which side of the theories and views, statism or individualism thought systems are located. As a result, ithas been determined that intellectual changes have occurred in the process of progressing from traditional state structures to the formation of modern state structures. While the influence of the religious dimension is decisive for the administrative authorities in traditional state structures, there is a state mechanism in the modern state system, which is based on social realities. However, it has been determined that although significant gains have been achieved in the context of individual rights and freedoms in the development process of the modern state, the intervention area of the state has been preserved. Keywords: State, Individual, Society, Statism, Individualism, Political Thinkers, Collectivism, Power.
In the history of political thought, the state, society and the individual have never been independent of each other. The relationship of the individual with the state, the relationship of society with the state or the relationship of the individual with society has affected the state administration systems as well as the areas of rights and freedoms. In thiscontext, the theories of statism and individualism have differed between ages. In the political arena of the ancient and medieval ages, the state was in the position of ordering and the individual was in the position of submission, but this situation has changed with the modern age. Especially the break with traditional ideas has deepened the differences even more. With the modern age, this depth has made itself felt more in individual rights and freedoms. Although in the modern age, the individual is mostly dissolved in the social, there are also ideas that the areas of freedom should be protected. Likewise, the fruits of the seeds sown in the modern age have made themselves felt more in the recent age on the axis of Democratic orders. In thisstudy, comparative analyses were made to determine the meaning of the ideas of statism and individualism of political thinkers. In the periods analysed from Ancient Greece to the recent era, care has been taken to prefer thinkers who reflect the framework of their era. In this context, in this study, in which the ideas of statism and individualism put forward by political thinkers in different periods are emphasised, it has been tried to emphasise which side of the theories and views, statism or individualism thought systems are located. As a result, ithas been determined that intellectual changes have occurred in the process of progressing from traditional state structures to the formation of modern state structures. While the influence of the religious dimension is decisive for the administrative authorities in traditional state structures, there is a state mechanism in the modern state system, which is based on social realities. However, it has been determined that although significant gains have been achieved in the context of individual rights and freedoms in the development process of the modern state, the intervention area of the state has been preserved. Keywords: State, Individual, Society, Statism, Individualism, Political Thinkers, Collectivism, Power.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Siyasal Bilimler, Political Science
