İdeal demokrasi arayışında yeni bir yol: Habermas'ın müzakereci demokrasi modeli
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2026
Yazarlar
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İyi ve adil bir siyasal düzen arayışı, siyaset felsefesinin ve toplumsal düşüncenin temel problematiklerinden biri olarak varlığını sürdürmüştür. Tarihsel süreç içerisinde demokrasi, gerek bir yönetim biçimi gerekse de normatif bir ideal olarak ayrıcalıklı bir konum edinmiş; özellikle liberal ve müzakereci demokrasi modelleri, modern siyasal düzenin meşruiyetini temellendirme iddiasıyla öne çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma, çağdaş demokrasinin yapısal olarak karşı karşıya bulunduğu meşruiyet krizini, Jürgen Habermas'ın müzakereci demokrasi kuramı çerçevesinde felsefi bir inceleme konusu haline getirmektedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada, öncelikle neden bütün yönetim biçimleri arasında demokrasinin tercih edildiğini ayırt edici yönleri ve gerekçeleriyle tartışmaya açmaktadır. Ardından demokrasi kavramının tarihsel gelişimi ve başlıca demokrasi kuramları ele alınmakta; liberal demokrasinin temelleri ve güncel krizleri tartışılmaktadır. Daha sonra, Habermas'ın ileri sürmüş olduğu müzakereci demokrasinin kuramsal dayanakları, normatif varsayımları ve siyasal katılıma ilişkin sunduğu model, onun kuramının ortaya çıkmasında etkili olan temel unsurlarla birlikte (Frankfurt Okulu, Aydınlanma, etkilendiği düşünürler gibi), etik ve dil felsefesi bağlamında ayrıntılı biçimde incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın son bölümünde ise müzakereci demokrasinin pratik olarak uygulanabilirliği, yerel katılım pratikleri ve dijital kamusal alanların sunduğu imkânlar bağlamında değerlendirilmekte ve kuramın eksik yönlerinin giderilmesi yönünde önerileri ele alarak tartışmaya açmaktadır. Çalışmanın temel savı, müzakereci demokrasi yaklaşımının demokratik meşruiyetin yeniden inşası açısından önemli bir teorik potansiyel taşıdığı yönündedir. Ancak bu potansiyelin, sadece soyut ve bağlamdan bağımsız bir biçimde normatif ideal olarak değil, sürekli eleştirel değerlendirme ve tarihsel-toplumsal koşullara duyarlı uyarlamalar yoluyla anlam kazandığı yönündedir. Bu yönüyle tez, çağdaş demokrasi teorisine normatif ve eleştirel bir katkı sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Demokrasi, Meşruiyet Krizi, Müzakereci Demokrasi, İletişimsel Eylem Kuramı, Kamusal Alan.
The search for a good and just political order has persisted as one of the fundamental problematics of political philosophy and social thought. In the course of historical development, democracy has acquired a privileged position both as a form of government and as a normative ideal; in particular, liberal and deliberative models of democracy have come to the fore with the claim of grounding the legitimacy of the modern political order. This study addresses the structural legitimacy crisis confronting contemporary democracy as a subject of philosophical inquiry within the framework of Jürgen Habermas's theory of deliberative democracy. In this respect, the study first brings into discussion why democracy has been preferred among all forms of government, examining its distinguishing features and underlying justifications. It then examines the historical development of the concept of democracy and the major theories of democracy, followed by a discussion of the foundations and contemporary crises of liberal democracy. Subsequently, the theoretical foundations, normative assumptions, and model of political participation proposed by Habermas's theory of deliberative democracy are examined in detail within the context of ethics and the philosophy of language, together with the key influences that contributed to the emergence of this theory, such as the Frankfurt School, the Enlightenment, and the thinkers who influenced Habermas. In the final part of the study, the practical applicability of deliberative democracy is evaluated in relation to local participation practices and the opportunities offered by digital public spheres, and proposals aimed at addressing the deficiencies of the theory are also discussed. The central argument of the study is that the deliberative democracy approach possesses a significant theoretical potential for the reconstruction of democratic legitimacy. However, this potential gains meaning not merely as an abstract and context-independent normative ideal, but through continuous critical evaluation and adaptations sensitive to historical and social conditions. In this respect, the thesis aims to make a normative and critical contribution to contemporary democratic theory. Keywords: Democracy, Legitimacy Crisis, Deliberative Democracy, Theory of Communicative Action, Public Sphere.
The search for a good and just political order has persisted as one of the fundamental problematics of political philosophy and social thought. In the course of historical development, democracy has acquired a privileged position both as a form of government and as a normative ideal; in particular, liberal and deliberative models of democracy have come to the fore with the claim of grounding the legitimacy of the modern political order. This study addresses the structural legitimacy crisis confronting contemporary democracy as a subject of philosophical inquiry within the framework of Jürgen Habermas's theory of deliberative democracy. In this respect, the study first brings into discussion why democracy has been preferred among all forms of government, examining its distinguishing features and underlying justifications. It then examines the historical development of the concept of democracy and the major theories of democracy, followed by a discussion of the foundations and contemporary crises of liberal democracy. Subsequently, the theoretical foundations, normative assumptions, and model of political participation proposed by Habermas's theory of deliberative democracy are examined in detail within the context of ethics and the philosophy of language, together with the key influences that contributed to the emergence of this theory, such as the Frankfurt School, the Enlightenment, and the thinkers who influenced Habermas. In the final part of the study, the practical applicability of deliberative democracy is evaluated in relation to local participation practices and the opportunities offered by digital public spheres, and proposals aimed at addressing the deficiencies of the theory are also discussed. The central argument of the study is that the deliberative democracy approach possesses a significant theoretical potential for the reconstruction of democratic legitimacy. However, this potential gains meaning not merely as an abstract and context-independent normative ideal, but through continuous critical evaluation and adaptations sensitive to historical and social conditions. In this respect, the thesis aims to make a normative and critical contribution to contemporary democratic theory. Keywords: Democracy, Legitimacy Crisis, Deliberative Democracy, Theory of Communicative Action, Public Sphere.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Felsefe, Philosophy
