Renoprotective effects of compound 21 and empagliflozin in L-Name-induced hypertensive rats

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dc.contributor.authorOzhan, Onural
dc.contributor.authorColak, Mehmet
dc.contributor.authorKaraca, Elif
dc.contributor.authorDogru, Feyzi
dc.contributor.authorKucukakcali, Zeynep
dc.contributor.authorAcet, Ahmet
dc.contributor.authorParlakpinar, Hakan
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-04T13:33:08Z
dc.date.available2026-04-04T13:33:08Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBackground This study investigated the renoprotective effects of compound 21 (C21) and empagliflozin (EMPA) individually and in combination in an N omega-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rat model. The objective of this study was to evaluate their impact on oxidative stress (OS), biochemical markers, and histopathological changes in renal tissues. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: control, hypertension (HT), HT + C21, HT + EMPA, and HT + C21 + EMPA. Hypertension was induced by intraperitoneal L-NAME administration. Biochemical analyses of kidney tissue and histopathological evaluations were conducted to assess the treatment effects. Results Both C21 and EMPA significantly reduced the levels of OS markers, such as malondialdehyde, while increasing the levels of antioxidants, such as total antioxidants and glutathione. Compared with the individual treatments, the combination of C21 and EMPA exhibited superior efficacy in mitigating OS by significantly increasing superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities. Furthermore, these treatments alleviated histopathological damage, including glomerular collapse, tubular degeneration, and interstitial inflammation, which were prominent in the HT group. The combined therapy group presented nearly normal histological structures in kidney tissues, with reduced inflammation and cellular damage. Urinary biochemical markers also reflected improved renal function in the treated groups, particularly in the combined therapy group. These findings indicate that the synergistic effects of C21 and EMPA enhance their protective impact on renal tissues. Conclusion C21 and EMPA demonstrated significant renoprotective effects in this HT model by reducing OS, enhancing antioxidant defenses, and mitigating renal tissue damage. Their combined administration offered synergistic benefits, highlighting their potential as a therapeutic strategy for hypertension-induced renal injury. Further research is warranted to validate these findings in clinical settings.
dc.description.sponsorshipInonu University Scientific Research Projects Unit
dc.description.sponsorshipI would like to thank Prof. Dr. Anders Hallberg from Vicore Pharma Pharmaceutical Company for donating the drug Compound 21, whose pharmacological effect I investigated in this study, to our laboratory.
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s12894-025-01938-w
dc.identifier.issn1471-2490
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9018-7849
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0001-7956-9272
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9497-3468
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-7949-9582
dc.identifier.pmid41024067
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105017622362
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12894-025-01938-w
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/108961
dc.identifier.volume25
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001586096900003
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherBmc
dc.relation.ispartofBmc Urology
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250329
dc.subjectCompound 21
dc.subjectEmpagliflozin
dc.subjectHypertension
dc.subjectKidney
dc.subjectRat
dc.titleRenoprotective effects of compound 21 and empagliflozin in L-Name-induced hypertensive rats
dc.typeArticle

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