Nâbî divânı'nda 50-100. gazellerin beyân ilmi açısından incelenmesi (Teşbih-istiâre-kinâye-mecâz-ı mürsel)
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2025
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Belâgat, bir duygu veya düşüncenin yerine ve zamanına göre açık ve anlaşılır şekilde ifade edilmesidir. Kur'an-ı Kerim'in daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi amacıyla sarf edilen çabalar sonucunda sistemleşen bir ilim dalıdır. Belâgat, sonraki yüzyıllarda meânî, beyân ve bedî ilimlerini içine alan bir disiplin hâline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, duygu ve düşüncelerin farklı biçimlerde ifade edilmesini konu alan beyân ilmi üzerinde durulmuştur. Beyân ilmi ise, kendi içerisinde teşbih, istiâre, kinâye ve mecâz-ı mürsel olmak üzere dört temel unsur çerçevesinde ayrıntılı bir biçimde incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, 17. yüzyıl hikemî şiirinin önemli temsilcilerinden Nâbî'nin divânında yer alan 50 ile 100. gazeller arasındaki 51 gazel, beyân ilmi çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Nâbî'nin söz konusu gazellerinde beyân ilmi kapsamında yer alan teşbih, istiâre, kinâye ve mecâz-ı mürsel gibi sanatları nasıl kullandığını; bu sanatları işlerken hangi hususlara öncelik verdiğini; en çok hangi sanata yer verdiğini ve bu sanatları hangi temalar etrafında işlediğini ortaya koymaktır. Nâbî'nin divânında toplam 888 gazel bulunmasına rağmen, bu çalışmada derinlemesine bir analiz yapılabilmesi amacıyla yalnızca 51 gazel incelenmiştir. Edebî sanatların oldukça geniş bir alanı kapsaması nedeniyle, inceleme beyân ilmi çerçevesiyle sınırlandırılmış; yalnızca bu ilme dâhil olan sanatlar esas alınarak kapsam daraltılmıştır. Bu tercih, çalışmanın bütünlük ve derinlik açısından daha nitelikli olmasına olanak sağlamıştır. Çalışmanın temelini oluşturan analizlere geçilmeden önce belâgat ve özellikle beyân ilmi hakkında kuramsal bir çerçeve sunulmuştur. Ardından, Nâbî'nin divânında yer alan 51 gazel taranmış ve teşbih, istiâre, kinâye, mecâz-ı mürsel sanatlarını barındıran beyitler tespit edilerek tasnif edilmiş ve her bir edebî sanat türü ayrı bir bölüm başlığı altında detaylı olarak ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde teşbih, ikinci bölümünde istiâre, üçüncü bölümünde kinâye ve dördüncü bölümünde ise mecâz-ı mürsel sanatı yer almaktadır. Çalışmanın her bir bölümünde ele alınan edebî sanatlar hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve bu sanatlar alt başlıklara ayrılarak ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Daha sonra bu başlıklar altına örnek beyitler verilerek diliçi çevirisi yapılmış; her bir beyit, içerdiği edebî sanatlar bağlamında yorumlanmıştır. Her edebî sanata ayrılan bölümün sonunda o sanata dair örnek beyitler hakkında genel bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Çalışmada incelenen beyitler içerisinde en çok mücmel-i müekked (beliğ), kinâye, temsilî teşbih ve kapalı istiâre sanatları tespit edilmiştir. Edebî sanatlar içerisinde, teşbih kapsamında değerlendirilen sanatların diğer sanatlara oranla daha fazla kullanıldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Şair, beyitlerinde didaktik bir yaklaşım sergileyerek hikmetli anlatımlara geniş biçimde yer vermiş; aynı zamanda 17. yüzyıl Osmanlı toplumunda gözlemlenen sosyal problemleri zarif bir üslupla eleştirerek, bu olumsuzluklardan kurtuluş yollarına dair yönlendirici tavsiyelerde bulunmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Nâbî divânı, beyân, teşbih, istiâre, kinâye, mecâz-ı mürsel.
Rhetoric is the clear and comprehensible expression of a feeling or thought according to its place and time. It is a branch of science that was systematized as a result of the efforts made to better understand the Holy Qur'an. In the following centuries, eloquence has become a discipline that includes the sciences of me?n?, bey?n and bed?. In this study, the science of bey?n, which deals with the expression of feelings and thoughts in different forms, is emphasized. The science of bey?n is analyzed in detail within the framework of four basic elements: simile, idiom, allusion, metaphor. In this study, 51 ghazals between the 50th and 100th ghazals in the div?n of N?b?, one of the important representatives of the 17th century wisemi poetry, are analyzed within the framework of the science of bey?n. The main purpose of this study is to reveal how N?b? uses the arts such as simile, idiom, allusion and metaphor in these ghazals; which issues he prioritizes while processing these arts; which arts he includes the most; and which themes he processes these arts around. Although there are 888 ghazals in total in N?b?'s div?n, only 51 ghazals were analyzed in this study in order to make an in-depth analysis. Since literary arts cover a wide range of fields, the study was limited to the framework of the science of bey?n, and the scope was narrowed by taking only the arts included in this science as a basis. This choice allowed the study to be more qualified in terms of completeness and depth. Before proceeding to the analysis that forms the basis of the study, a theoretical framework about rhetoric and especially the science of bey?n is presented. Then, 51 ghazals in N?b?'s div?n were scanned and the couplets containing the arts of simile, idiom, allusion and metaphor were identified and classified, and each type of literary art was discussed in detail under a separate section. The first part of the study includes simile, the second part includes idiom, the third part includes allusion and the fourth part includes metaphor. In each part of the study, information about the literary arts is given and these arts are divided into subheadings and analyzed in detail. Then, sample couplets are given under these headings and translated into English; each couplet is interpreted in the context of the literary arts it contains. At the end of the section devoted to each literary art, a general evaluation is made about the sample couplets related to that art. Among the couplets analyzed in the study, the arts of mücmel-i müekked (eloquent), allusion, representational simile and closed metaphor were identified the most. Among the literary arts, it was observed that the arts evaluated within the scope of simile were used more than other arts. The poet exhibited a didactic approach in his couplets and included wise narratives extensively; at the same time, he criticized the social problems observed in the 17th century Ottoman society in an elegant style and gave guiding advice on the ways of salvation from these negativities. Key Words: N?b? div?n, bey?n, simile, idiom, allusion, metaphor.
Rhetoric is the clear and comprehensible expression of a feeling or thought according to its place and time. It is a branch of science that was systematized as a result of the efforts made to better understand the Holy Qur'an. In the following centuries, eloquence has become a discipline that includes the sciences of me?n?, bey?n and bed?. In this study, the science of bey?n, which deals with the expression of feelings and thoughts in different forms, is emphasized. The science of bey?n is analyzed in detail within the framework of four basic elements: simile, idiom, allusion, metaphor. In this study, 51 ghazals between the 50th and 100th ghazals in the div?n of N?b?, one of the important representatives of the 17th century wisemi poetry, are analyzed within the framework of the science of bey?n. The main purpose of this study is to reveal how N?b? uses the arts such as simile, idiom, allusion and metaphor in these ghazals; which issues he prioritizes while processing these arts; which arts he includes the most; and which themes he processes these arts around. Although there are 888 ghazals in total in N?b?'s div?n, only 51 ghazals were analyzed in this study in order to make an in-depth analysis. Since literary arts cover a wide range of fields, the study was limited to the framework of the science of bey?n, and the scope was narrowed by taking only the arts included in this science as a basis. This choice allowed the study to be more qualified in terms of completeness and depth. Before proceeding to the analysis that forms the basis of the study, a theoretical framework about rhetoric and especially the science of bey?n is presented. Then, 51 ghazals in N?b?'s div?n were scanned and the couplets containing the arts of simile, idiom, allusion and metaphor were identified and classified, and each type of literary art was discussed in detail under a separate section. The first part of the study includes simile, the second part includes idiom, the third part includes allusion and the fourth part includes metaphor. In each part of the study, information about the literary arts is given and these arts are divided into subheadings and analyzed in detail. Then, sample couplets are given under these headings and translated into English; each couplet is interpreted in the context of the literary arts it contains. At the end of the section devoted to each literary art, a general evaluation is made about the sample couplets related to that art. Among the couplets analyzed in the study, the arts of mücmel-i müekked (eloquent), allusion, representational simile and closed metaphor were identified the most. Among the literary arts, it was observed that the arts evaluated within the scope of simile were used more than other arts. The poet exhibited a didactic approach in his couplets and included wise narratives extensively; at the same time, he criticized the social problems observed in the 17th century Ottoman society in an elegant style and gave guiding advice on the ways of salvation from these negativities. Key Words: N?b? div?n, bey?n, simile, idiom, allusion, metaphor.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı, Turkish Language and Literature
