High Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein Diets Have a Critical Role in Folliculogenesis and Oocyte Development in Rats

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dc.contributor.authorGul, Semir
dc.contributor.authorGul, Mehmet
dc.contributor.authorOtlu, Baris
dc.contributor.authorErdemli, Mehmet Erman
dc.contributor.authorBag, Harika Gozde Gozukara
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-04T20:56:09Z
dc.date.available2024-08-04T20:56:09Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractTo date, there is no comparative data on the effects of carbohydrates, fat, and proteins, which are macronutrients, on female reproductive functions. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of diets enriched with carbohydrates, fats, and proteins on folliculogenesis and oocyte development in female rats. 21-day-old rats that were just weaned were divided into 4 groups: control, carbohydrate, fat, and protein. The control group was fed with standard chow and the carbohydrate, fat, and protein groups were fed diets enriched with 75% carbohydrate, 60% fat, and 50% protein for 11 weeks, respectively. It was found that high-fat and high-protein diets caused an increase in the estrous cycle length compared to carbohydrate group (p < 0.05). Graafian follicle number decreased in the protein group compared to the control (p < 0.05). However, the atretic follicle number was higher in the fat group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In the carbohydrate group, Zp1 was found to be lower than the control and protein groups, Zp2 was found to be lower than the control, and Zp3 was found to be lower than the fat group (p < 0.05). While BMP15 was similar between groups (p > 0.05), GDF9 was lower in all diet groups compared to the control (p < 0.05). Foxo3a was lower in the protein group compared to carbohydrate and control (p < 0.05). GAS2 was found to be higher in the control group than the fat group, and higher in the carbohydrate group than the fat and protein groups (p < 0.05). FSH, LH, Progesterone, and E2 levels were higher in all three diet groups than in the control (p < 0.05). Also, significant differences were observed between the groups regarding adiponectin, resistin, and leptin levels. Taken together, high carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake are associated with impairment of the menstrual cycle, depletion of the developing follicle types, and altered expression of folliculogenesis-specific genes and hormones. Therefore, long-term macronutrient diets may result in shortened reproductive periods and reduced fertilization potential in females in the long run.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific Research Projects Unit of Idot;nonu University [TCD-2018-1492]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK)en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Unit of & Idot;nonu University (grant number: TCD-2018-1492). Open access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK)en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s43032-024-01629-1
dc.identifier.issn1933-7191
dc.identifier.issn1933-7205
dc.identifier.pmid38937400en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85197464696en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-024-01629-1
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/102092
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001258043100001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityN/Aen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSpringer Heidelbergen_US
dc.relation.ispartofReproductive Sciencesen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectCarbohydrateen_US
dc.subjectFaten_US
dc.subjectFolliculogenesisen_US
dc.subjectInfertilityen_US
dc.subjectNutritionen_US
dc.subjectProteinen_US
dc.titleHigh Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein Diets Have a Critical Role in Folliculogenesis and Oocyte Development in Ratsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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