Türkiye'de Cumhurbaşkanlığı hükümet sistemi sonrası bürokrasideki dönüşüm
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Kavram olarak ilk defa Gournay tarafından kullanılan ve Weber tarafından kuramsallaştıran bürokrasi, geçmişten bugüne kadim topluluklarda ve modern devlet yapılarında idari örgütlenme aygıtı olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu kavram zamanla toplumların ve devletlerin değişimlerine paralel olarak değişerek günümüze kadar mevcudiyetini korumuştur. Yönetim veya hükümet sistemi ne olursa olsun bütün devletlerde bürokrasinin varlığı izlenmiştir. Devletlerde yürütme gücü olarak faaliyet gösteren bürokrasi, bazen siyasal iktidarın önünde bazen de arkasında ama hep devlet yönetiminin içerisinde olmuştur. Ülkemizdeki bürokratik yapı Osmanlı Devleti'nden miras kalmıştır. Türkiye'deki bürokratik yapının kamu yönetimi aygıtı olarak hantal ve verimsiz olduğu, devlet idaresi olarak ise vesayetçi kurumlara yol açtığı görülmüştür. Güçlü iktidarlar çıkaramayan parlamento, egemenliği dönem dönem bürokratik çevrelerle paylaşmıştır. Parlamenter sistemin yapısı ve 1982 Anayasası'nın Cumhurbaşkanına verdiği yetkiler bürokratik vesayetin kökleşmesine sebebiyet vermiştir. Darbeler üreten vesayetin gölgesinde kaldığı düşünülen parlamenter sistemin doğurduğu güçsüz iktidarlar ve koalisyonların; siyasal, güvenlik, ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel alanlardaki sorunlara çözüm bulmada yetersiz kaldığı tespiti, yeni bir hükümet sistemi arayışlarına neden olmuştur. Bu bağlamda bürokrasinin hantal yapısından sıyrılması, etkin ve verimli bir yapıya kavuşulması ve vesayetçi yapıdan kurtulma arzusu parlamenter sisteminin tartışılmasına yol açmıştır. Bu tartışmalar sonucu 2018 yılında ülkemiz Cumhurbaşkanlığı Hükümet Sistemine geçiş yapmıştır. Bu sistemle yürütme yetkisi Cumhurbaşkanlığında toplanarak çift başlılık ve bürokrasideki hantallık sona erdirilerek hızlı karar alan, etkin ve verimli bir bürokratik yapı inşa edilmek istenmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Bürokrasi, Cumhurbaşkanlığı Hükümet Sistemi, Kamu Yönetimi
Bureaucracy, as a concept first used by Gournay and theorized by Weber, was used as an administrative organization in ancient societies and modern government structures from past to present. The term of bureaucracy has continued to exist until today by chaning in parallel with the changes of societies and government. The existence of bureaucracy was observed in all states, regardless of the administration or government system. The bureaucracy, which operates as the executive power in governments, was sometimes been in front of the political power and also behind it, but always within governance. The bureaucratic structure in our country was inherited from the Ottoman State. It was observed that the bureaucratic structure in Turkey is cumbersome and inefficient as a public administration, and leads to tutorship institutions as governance. The parliament, which could not establish powerful powers, shared the sovereignty with bureaucratic circles from time to time. The structure of the parliamentary system and the powers given to the president by the 1982 Constitution caused bureaucratic tutelage to become established. The parliamentary system, thought to be overshadowed by the tutelage that produced coups, created to weak governments and coalitions. It was determined that these governments and coalitions are insufficient to find solutions to the problems in the political, security, economic, social and cultural fields. This situation led to the search for a new government system. In this context, the bureaucracy getting rid of its cumbersome structure, attaining an effective and efficient structure, and the desire to get rid of the tutelary structure led to the discussion of the parliamentary system. As a result of these discussions, our country switched to the Presidential Government System in 2018. With this system, the executive power was gathered at the Presidency, and it was vii aimed to build an effective and efficient bureaucratic structure that makes quick decisions by ending the double headedness and cumbersome in bureaucracy. Keywords: Bureaucracy, Presidential Government System, Public Administration
Bureaucracy, as a concept first used by Gournay and theorized by Weber, was used as an administrative organization in ancient societies and modern government structures from past to present. The term of bureaucracy has continued to exist until today by chaning in parallel with the changes of societies and government. The existence of bureaucracy was observed in all states, regardless of the administration or government system. The bureaucracy, which operates as the executive power in governments, was sometimes been in front of the political power and also behind it, but always within governance. The bureaucratic structure in our country was inherited from the Ottoman State. It was observed that the bureaucratic structure in Turkey is cumbersome and inefficient as a public administration, and leads to tutorship institutions as governance. The parliament, which could not establish powerful powers, shared the sovereignty with bureaucratic circles from time to time. The structure of the parliamentary system and the powers given to the president by the 1982 Constitution caused bureaucratic tutelage to become established. The parliamentary system, thought to be overshadowed by the tutelage that produced coups, created to weak governments and coalitions. It was determined that these governments and coalitions are insufficient to find solutions to the problems in the political, security, economic, social and cultural fields. This situation led to the search for a new government system. In this context, the bureaucracy getting rid of its cumbersome structure, attaining an effective and efficient structure, and the desire to get rid of the tutelary structure led to the discussion of the parliamentary system. As a result of these discussions, our country switched to the Presidential Government System in 2018. With this system, the executive power was gathered at the Presidency, and it was vii aimed to build an effective and efficient bureaucratic structure that makes quick decisions by ending the double headedness and cumbersome in bureaucracy. Keywords: Bureaucracy, Presidential Government System, Public Administration
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kamu Yönetimi, Public Administration, Siyasal Bilimler
