Three weeks of environmental enrichment enhance hepatic-muscular oxidative balance and decrease interleukin-6 levels in juvenile female C57BL/6 mice

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dc.contributor.authorFidelis, Debora Eduarda da Silva
dc.contributor.authorFernandes, Matheus Santos de Sousa
dc.contributor.authorRamos, Tiago Lacerda
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Clarice Beatriz Goncalves
dc.contributor.authorPerreira, Allifer Rosendo
dc.contributor.authorNobrega, Cassia Giselle de Olivera
dc.contributor.authorde Souza, Valdenia Maria Oliveira
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-04T13:31:18Z
dc.date.available2026-04-04T13:31:18Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractIntroduction The Environmental Enrichment (EE) promotes systemic responses through social, cognitive, sensory, and physical stimuli. However, its effects on hepatic and muscle oxidative balance, as well as on serum inflammation markers, remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate whether three weeks of EE could modulate hepatic and muscular oxidative balance and the inflammatory response in female C57BL/6 mice.Methods The animals were divided into two groups: EE (n = 13) and Standard Environmental (SE, n = 11) from postnatal day 35 to 60. The EE setting included inanimate objects such as tunnels, ladders, and toys made of both wood and plastic. After three weeks, the mice were euthanized for the withdrawal of the liver, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), soleus, and blood samples.Results and discussion EE significantly reduced body weight and malondialdehyde levels in the liver, soleus, and EDL muscles. Additionally, carbonyl levels decreased in the liver and soleus. Acute EE exposure enhanced enzymatic antioxidant activity (SOD, CAT, and GST) across all tissues, except for catalase activity in the EDL, which showed no significant difference between groups. Non-enzymatic defenses were improved, with reduced oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels in the liver and soleus. Furthermore, EE increased the REDOX status in the liver and EDL. Sulfhydryl levels increased only in the liver. Finally, serum cytokine analysis revealed a significant reduction only in IL-6 levels. These findings suggest that three weeks of EE can modulate hepatic and muscular oxidative balance, as well as serum IL-6 levels, in juvenile female mice.
dc.description.sponsorshipFundao de Amparo Cincia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco10.13039/501100006162 [APQ 1979-4.01/24]; FACEPE (Foundation for the Support of Science and Research from Pernambuco State-Brazil) [PNURSP 2025R117]; Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers' Supporting Project
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by FACEPE (Foundation for the Support of Science and Research from Pernambuco State-Brazil, APQ 1979-4.01/24), for the financial support to acquire the equipment and reagents used in this work, and scholarships. We appreciate the support of Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers' Supporting Project number (PNURSP 2025R117) Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fphys.2025.1626477
dc.identifier.issn1664-042X
dc.identifier.pmid40895440
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105014507164
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1626477
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/108692
dc.identifier.volume16
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001559225300001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherFrontiers Media Sa
dc.relation.ispartofFrontiers in Physiology
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250329
dc.subjectinflammation
dc.subjectcytokines
dc.subjectenzymatic activity
dc.subjectoxidative stress
dc.subjectand metabolism
dc.titleThree weeks of environmental enrichment enhance hepatic-muscular oxidative balance and decrease interleukin-6 levels in juvenile female C57BL/6 mice
dc.typeArticle

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