The Impact of K-1 Kickboxing Tournament Fights on Growth Hormone, IGF-1, and Insulin Levels: Preliminary Findings from a Pilot Study in Elite Athletes

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dc.contributor.authorRydzik, Lukasz
dc.contributor.authorIlbak, Ismail
dc.contributor.authorDuz, Serkan
dc.contributor.authorAmbrozy, Tadeusz
dc.contributor.authorPalka, Tomasz
dc.contributor.authorKopanska, Marta
dc.contributor.authorNiewczas, Marta
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-04T13:31:03Z
dc.date.available2026-04-04T13:31:03Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBackground: Evidence on acute endocrine responses to K-1 kickboxing is limited. This pilot study assessed pre-to-post changes in GH, IGF-1 and insulin after a single K-1 bout and explored relationships with training experience (TE), final heart rate (HRFINAL) and perceived exertion (RPE). Methods: Elite male K-1 athletes (n = 10) completed an interclub, referee-supervised three-round bout (3 x 2 min). Venous blood was sampled pre-fight and +2 min. GH, IGF-1 and insulin were assayed (ELISA). Paired t-tests and Pearson's r quantified changes and associations. Results: GH rose from 1.20 +/- 2.05 to 11.27 +/- 8.82 ng/mL (p = 0.007; d = 1.85), and insulin from 5.95 +/- 1.56 to 12.95 +/- 5.95 mu U/mL (p = 0.002; d = 1.86); IGF-1 showed no change (200.90 +/- 55.89 to 203.00 +/- 54.10 ng/mL; p = 0.497). Delta GH and Delta insulin correlated positively with HRFINAL (rp = 0.89 and 0.88, both p < 0.001) and RPE (rp = 0.70 and 0.68; p = 0.024 and 0.031), and negatively with TE (rp = -0.72 and -0.68; p = 0.019 and 0.031). Conclusions: A single K-1 fight elicited large acute increases in GH and insulin but not IGF-1 at +2 min. HRFINAL and RPE tracked response magnitude, while more experienced athletes showed smaller deltas. Findings are preliminary and limited by a small sample, elite-only cohort, in an interclub setting, with immediate sampling and absence of a control group.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/jcm14207203
dc.identifier.issn2077-0383
dc.identifier.issue20
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-0131-1594
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0001-7611-4838
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-3364-0990
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-7392-5229
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0001-7361-9478
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-9535-173X
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0001-5225-9397
dc.identifier.pmid41156074
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105020291492
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14207203
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/108550
dc.identifier.volume14
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001603765400001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Clinical Medicine
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250329
dc.subjectcombat sports
dc.subjectsports confrontation
dc.subjectgrowth hormone
dc.subjectinsulin-like growth factor 1
dc.subjectinsulin
dc.titleThe Impact of K-1 Kickboxing Tournament Fights on Growth Hormone, IGF-1, and Insulin Levels: Preliminary Findings from a Pilot Study in Elite Athletes
dc.typeArticle

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