Healthcare-Associated Conjunctivitis in the NICU: Microbiological Spectrum, Antimicrobial Resistance and Treatment Patterns

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dc.contributor.authorTurgut, Hatice
dc.contributor.authorTanriverdi, Elif Seren
dc.contributor.authorKaradogan, Eda
dc.contributor.authorOzdemir, Ramazan
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-04T13:30:59Z
dc.date.available2026-04-04T13:30:59Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractHealthcare-associated bacterial conjunctivitis is an underrecognized yet preventable infection in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). This study aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors, microbiological profile, and treatment approaches of healthcare-associated bacterial conjunctivitis in neonates. This descriptive, cross-sectional study included neonates diagnosed with bacterial conjunctivitis and followed in the NICU between January 2019 and January 2024. Pathogens were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and antimicrobial susceptibility determined using VITEK 2 according to EUCAST breakpoints. During the five-year period, 104 (2.5%) of 4107 neonates admitted to the NICU developed healthcare-associated bacterial conjunctivitis. Of the pathogens isolated in cultures, 70.2% were Gram-positive bacteria, with coagulase-negative staphylococci being the most common (52.9%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Serratia marcescens. Empirical treatment consisted of 0.3% topical gentamicin eye drops. In resistant cases, fortified vancomycin drops (32.7%), 0.5% moxifloxacin (4.8%), or 0.3% tobramycin (1.9%) eye drops were administered according to antibiogram results. Compared with Gram-positive infections, Gram-negative conjunctivitis was associated with longer durations of intubation, orogastric feeding, and hospitalization. These findings indicate a predominance of Gram-positive pathogens in NICU-acquired neonatal conjunctivitis, while Gram-negative infections confer greater clinical burden. Fortified antibiotic eye drops are an effective treatment option for resistant cases in high-risk newborns.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/pathogens15020209
dc.identifier.issn2076-0817
dc.identifier.issue2
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0003-4722-1188
dc.identifier.pmid41754461
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105031440544
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15020209
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/108493
dc.identifier.volume15
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001703629100001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofPathogens
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250329
dc.subjecthealthcare-associated conjunctivitis
dc.subjectneonates
dc.subjectfortified eye drops
dc.subjectGram-positive bacteria
dc.subjectantimicrobial resistance
dc.titleHealthcare-Associated Conjunctivitis in the NICU: Microbiological Spectrum, Antimicrobial Resistance and Treatment Patterns
dc.typeArticle

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