Low concentrations of metal mixture exposures have adverse effects on selected biomarkers of Xenopus laevis tadpoles

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dc.authoridYoloğlu, Ertan/0000-0002-9730-9471
dc.authoridOzmen, Murat/0000-0003-4378-0839
dc.authorwosidYoloğlu, Ertan/W-2811-2017
dc.authorwosidOZMEN, MURAT/A-4874-2009
dc.contributor.authorYologlu, Ertan
dc.contributor.authorOzmen, Murat
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-04T20:41:12Z
dc.date.available2024-08-04T20:41:12Z
dc.date.issued2015
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractPolluted ecosystems may contain mixtures of metals, such that the combinations of metals, even in low concentrations, may cause adverse effects. In the present study, we focused on toxic effects of mixtures of selected metals, the LC50 values, and also their safety limit in aquatic systems imposed by the European legislation using a model organism. Xenopus laevis tadpoles were used as test organisms. They were exposed to metals or their combinations due to 96-h LC50 values. Glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CaE), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) levels were evaluated. Metallothionein concentrations were also determined. The LC(50)s for Cd, Pb, and Cu were calculated as 5.81 mg AI/L, 123.05 mg AI/L, and 0.85 mg AI/L, respectively. Low lethality ratios were observed with unary exposure of each metal in lower concentrations. Double or triple combinations of LC50 and LC50/2 concentrations caused 100% lethality with Cd + Cu and Pb + Cd + Cu mixtures, while the Pb + Cu mixture also caused high lethal ratios. The selected enzyme activities were significantly affected by metals or mixtures, and dose-related effects were determined. The metallothionein levels generally increased as related to concentration in unary metals and mixtures. Acceptable limit values of unary metals and mixtures did not significantly change metallothionein levels. The results suggest that oxidative stress-related mechanisms are involved in the toxicity induced by selected metals with combinations of very low concentrations. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific Research Fund of the Inonu University (I.U. BAPB project) [2009/38]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was supported by the Scientific Research Fund of the Inonu University (I.U. BAPB project no: 2009/38).en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.09.006
dc.identifier.endpage27en_US
dc.identifier.issn0166-445X
dc.identifier.issn1879-1514
dc.identifier.pmid26415005en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-84942321002en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage19en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.09.006
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/96986
dc.identifier.volume168en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000364436400003en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevier Science Bven_US
dc.relation.ispartofAquatic Toxicologyen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectAquatic toxicityen_US
dc.subjectEnzyme activityen_US
dc.subjectMetallothioneinen_US
dc.subjectCadmiumen_US
dc.subjectLeaden_US
dc.subjectCopperen_US
dc.titleLow concentrations of metal mixture exposures have adverse effects on selected biomarkers of Xenopus laevis tadpolesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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