Trabzon Rum Devleti-Akkoyunlu Devleti münasebetleri (1340-1461)
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Haçlı Seferleri görünürde üç semavi din açısından kutsal kabul edilen Kudüs'ü Müslümanlardan geri almak için düzenlenmiş, askerî harekâtlardır. Ancak bu seferler esas itibariyle Avrupa'nın o dönem içinde bulunduğu siyasi, sosyal ve dini sorunlara çözüm bulmak için başlatılmıştır. Bu amaçlar doğrultusunda düzenlenen ilk üç Haçlı Seferinin ardından Dördüncü Haçlı Seferi, bu amaçlardan saparak başka bir yöne evrilmiştir. Nitekim Dördüncü Haçlı Seferi neticesinde Haçlılar, Bizans İmparatorluğunun başkenti olan Konstantinopolis'i ele geçirmiştir. Bizans başkentinin zapt edilmesinden sonra ise İmparatorluk içinde merkezi otoriteden yoksun asayişsiz bir ortam meydana gelmiştir. Bu durumdan istifadeyle imparatorluk topraklarında farklı siyasi yapılanmalar oluşmuştur. Bunlardan biri Komnenos Hanedanlığı tarafından Doğu Karadeniz'de kurulan Trabzon Rum Devleti'dir. Trabzon Rum Devleti kuruluşundan itibaren çevresinde faaliyet halinde olan Müslüman Türk unsurlarla münasebet halinde olmuştur. Bu unsurlardan en önemlisi ise başlarda bir beylik iken daha sonra imparatorluğa dönüşecek olan Akkoyunlulardır. Trabzon-Akkoyunlu münasebetleri Akkoyunluların beylik olduğu dönemde başlamış, bir imparatorluğa dönüştükleri dönemde sürdürülmüştür. Başlarda mücadele şeklinde başlayan münasebetler genel itibariyle Akkoyunlu saldırıları şeklinde devam etmiştir. Ancak Trabzon'da aynı dönemde bir iç mücadele yaşanmasına ve bu durum Trabzon'u zayıf bırakmasına rağmen Akkoyunlular şehir surlarını aşamamışlardır. Mücadele döneminin ardından Trabzon Rum Devleti'nin siyasi evlilikler yoluyla iyi ilişkiler kurma politikası neticesinde iki taraf arasında bir ittifak dönemine girilmiştir. Bu dönemdeki münasebetler kurulan akrabalık ilişkileri ile iyice güçlenerek dostluk temelli ilişkilere dönüşmüştür. Öyle ki Akkoyunlu İmparatorluğu, Trabzon Rum Devletini dış tehditleri karşı koruyan hamisi konumuna yükselmiştir. Akkoyunluların bu politikası Trabzon Rum Devletinin bölgedeki hâkimiyetini uzun süre devam ettirmesini sağlamıştır. Ancak Akkoyunlular politikalarını bölgeye yönelen Osmanlı İmparatorluğuna karşı sürdürmeye gayret etmişlerse de bunda başarılı olamamışlardır. Neticede Trabzon Osmanlılar tarafından fethedilmiştir.
The Crusades were military operations organized to take back Jerusalem, which is considered sacred for the three heavenly religions, from Muslims. However, these expeditions were essentially initiated to find solutions to the political, social and religious problems that Europe was experiencing at that time. After the first three Crusades organized for these purposes, the Fourth Crusade deviated from these purposes and evolved in another direction. As a matter of fact, as a result of the Fourth Crusade, the Crusaders captured Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire. After the capture of the Byzantine capital, an unsafe environment devoid of central authority emerged within the Empire. Taking advantage of this situation, different political structures were formed in the lands of the empire. One of these is the Greek State of Trebizond, founded in the Eastern Black Sea by the Komnenos Dynasty. The Greek State of Trebizond has been in contact with the Muslim Turkish elements active in its surroundings since its establishment. The most important of these elements is the Akkoyunlu, which was initially a principality but later turned into an empire. Trabzon Akkoyunlu relations started when the Akkoyunlus were a principality and continued when they turned into an empire. The relations, which initially started as a struggle, generally continued as Akkoyunlu attacks. However, although there was an internal struggle in Trabzon in the same period and this situation left Trabzon weak, the Akkoyunlus could not overcome the city walls. After the period of struggle, as a result of the policy of the Greek State of Trabzon to establish good relations through political marriages, a period of alliance was entered between the two sides. The relations in this period were strengthened with the kinship relations established and turned into friendship-based relations. So much so that the Akkoyunlu Empire became the protector of the Greek State of Trabzon, protecting it from external threats. This policy of the Akkoyunlus enabled the Greek State of Trabzon to maintain its dominance in the region for a long time. However, although the Akkoyunlu tried to continue their policies against the Ottoman Empire, which was directed towards the region, they were not successful in this. As a result, Trabzon was conquered by the Ottomans.
The Crusades were military operations organized to take back Jerusalem, which is considered sacred for the three heavenly religions, from Muslims. However, these expeditions were essentially initiated to find solutions to the political, social and religious problems that Europe was experiencing at that time. After the first three Crusades organized for these purposes, the Fourth Crusade deviated from these purposes and evolved in another direction. As a matter of fact, as a result of the Fourth Crusade, the Crusaders captured Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire. After the capture of the Byzantine capital, an unsafe environment devoid of central authority emerged within the Empire. Taking advantage of this situation, different political structures were formed in the lands of the empire. One of these is the Greek State of Trebizond, founded in the Eastern Black Sea by the Komnenos Dynasty. The Greek State of Trebizond has been in contact with the Muslim Turkish elements active in its surroundings since its establishment. The most important of these elements is the Akkoyunlu, which was initially a principality but later turned into an empire. Trabzon Akkoyunlu relations started when the Akkoyunlus were a principality and continued when they turned into an empire. The relations, which initially started as a struggle, generally continued as Akkoyunlu attacks. However, although there was an internal struggle in Trabzon in the same period and this situation left Trabzon weak, the Akkoyunlus could not overcome the city walls. After the period of struggle, as a result of the policy of the Greek State of Trabzon to establish good relations through political marriages, a period of alliance was entered between the two sides. The relations in this period were strengthened with the kinship relations established and turned into friendship-based relations. So much so that the Akkoyunlu Empire became the protector of the Greek State of Trabzon, protecting it from external threats. This policy of the Akkoyunlus enabled the Greek State of Trabzon to maintain its dominance in the region for a long time. However, although the Akkoyunlu tried to continue their policies against the Ottoman Empire, which was directed towards the region, they were not successful in this. As a result, Trabzon was conquered by the Ottomans.
Açıklama
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Tarih Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Tarih, History
