Sosyo-kültürel boyutlarıyla Malatya Akçadağ yöresinde Alevilik
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Alevilik konusunda birçok akademik çalışma mevcut olmakla birlikte son yıllarda bu inanç sistemi hakkında saha araştırmaları hız kazanmıştır. Sahadaki bu çalışmalar yüzyıllarca kapalı toplum özelliği gösteren Alevilerin bilinmeyen özelliklerini ortaya çıkarmayı hedeflemiştir. Farklı bölgelerde yaşayan Aleviler aynı inanca sahip olsalar da yaşadıkları yörelerde tarihi süreçte karşılaştıkları olaylar, sevinçler, üzüntüler, gördükleri baskı ve zulümler ve bunun gibi sebeplerden dolayı farklı kültürel özelliklere sahip olmuşlardır. Bu çalışmada sahada yapılan mülakatlar ve gözlemlerle Malatya İli, Akçadağ yöresinde yüzyıllar boyunca yaşayan Alevilerin inanç pratikleri ve kültürü hakkında bulgular elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada Akçadağ yöresindeki Alevilerin inanç dünyasının sosyo-kültürel yapısını ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada belirtilen amaç doğrultusunda kapsamlı ve derinlemesine bilgi elde edebilmek için nitel araştırma desenlerinden olgu bilim deseni yöntem olarak tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmaya kartopu örnekleme modeli ile belirlenen Malatya İli Akçadağ İlçesi'nin çeşitli mahallelerinde ikamet eden Alevi vatandaşlar dâhil edilmiştir. Katılımcı Alevi vatandaşlar ile yapılan görüşmelerde kendilerine çeşitli sorular yöneltilmiştir. Sorulan sorular içerik analizi yolu ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma giriş ve sonuç hariç sekiz başlıktan oluşmaktadır. Birinci başlıkta araştırma konusu ve kapsamı, araştırmanın amacı ve önemi, araştırmada tercih edilen yönteme ve araştırma alanına ilişkin bilgilere yer verilmiştir. İkinci başlıkta Aleviliğin tanımı ve ortaya çıkış sürecinden, üçüncü başlıkta Alevilikte ocak sistemi ve dedelik kurumundan, dördüncü başlıkta alevilikte ibadetler ve muharrem ayından, beşinci başlıkta Alevilikte musahiplik ve düşkünlükten, altıncı başlıkta Alevilikte cenaze-defin geleneklerinden, yedinci başlıkta Aleviliğin caferilik ve sünnilikle olan ilişkisinden, sekizinci başlıkta Alevilikte örnek şahsiyetlerden, dokuzuncu başlıkta Akçadağ yöresi Aleviliğine ait görüşmelerden elde edilen çeşitli bulgulara yer verilmiştir. Son bölümde ise araştırma sürecinde Malatya İli Akçadağ İlçesi'nin çeşitli mahallelerinde ikamet eden Alevi vatandaşlarla yapılan görüşmeler neticesinde elde edilen bulgulara ilişkin sonuçlara yer verilmiştir. Araştırmada Malatya Akçadağ yöresinde yaşayan Alevilerin sosyo-kültürel yapı içerisinde dini yaşayışlarının tarihsel arka planı incelenmiş, bağlı oldukları ocaklar, tabi oldukları dedeler hakkında bilgi elde edilmiş ve inanç pratiklerinin halkın üzerindeki etkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmada Akçadağ yöresi Alevilerinde özellikle yaşlı kuşaktan olan Alevilerin büyük çoğunluğunun hayatlarının her aşamasına Alevi inanç öğretilerinin etki ettiği, attıkları her adımın bu öğretilere uygun olup olmamasına dikkat ettikleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca daha önceleri otoriteye yani dedelere ve pirlere sıkı bir bağlılık olduğunu, şimdiki gençlerde bu bağlılığın olmadığını, gençlerde maneviyatın zayıfladığı belirlenmiştir.
Although there are many academic studies on Alevism, field studies on this belief system have gained momentum in recent years. These studies in the field aimed to reveal the unknown characteristics of the Alevis, who have been a closed society for centuries. Even though Alevis living in different regions have the same belief, they have different cultural characteristics due to the events, joys, sorrows, oppression and persecution they have experienced, and so on. In this study, with the interviews and observations made in the field, findings about the belief practices and culture of the Alevis who lived for centuries in the Akçadağ region of Malatya province were obtained. In the research, it is aimed to reveal the socio-cultural structure of the belief world of the Alevis in the Akçadağ region. In order to obtain comprehensive and in-depth information in line with the purpose stated in the research, the phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research designs, was preferred as a method. Alevi citizens residing in various neighborhoods of Malatya Akçadağ District, which were determined by the snowball sampling model, were included in the research. During the interviews with the participating Alevi citizens, various questions were asked to them. The questions asked were resolved through content analysis. The research consists of eight titles excluding introduction and conclusion. In the first title, information about the research subject and scope, the purpose and importance of the research, the method preferred in the research and the research area are given. In the second title, the definition of Alevism and its emergence process, in the third title, the heart system and the institution of dedehood in Alevism, in the fourth title from Alevism worship and the month of Muharram, in the fifth title from companionship and fondness in Alevism, in the sixth title from the funeral and burial traditions in Alevism, in the seventh title from the relationship of Alevism to cafeteria and Sunnism, In the eighth title, exemplary personalities in Alevism, and in the ninth title, various findings obtained from the interviews of Akçadağ region Alevism are given. In the last part, the results of the findings obtained as a result of the interviews with Alevi citizens residing in various neighborhoods of Malatya Akçadağ District during the research process are given. In the research, the historical background of the religious life of the Alevis living in the Akçadağ region of Malatya in the socio-cultural structure was examined, information was obtained about the hearths they belonged to, the dedes they belonged to, and it was concluded that their belief practices had an effect on the people. In the research, it has been determined that the majority of Alevis in the Akçadağ region, especially those from the older generation, are influenced by the Alevi faith teachings at every stage of their lives, and they pay attention to whether every step they take is in accordance with these teachings. In addition, it has been determined that there was a strong commitment to the authority, that is, to the dedes and pirs, but that this commitment is not present in the youth, and that the spirituality of the youth is weakened.
Although there are many academic studies on Alevism, field studies on this belief system have gained momentum in recent years. These studies in the field aimed to reveal the unknown characteristics of the Alevis, who have been a closed society for centuries. Even though Alevis living in different regions have the same belief, they have different cultural characteristics due to the events, joys, sorrows, oppression and persecution they have experienced, and so on. In this study, with the interviews and observations made in the field, findings about the belief practices and culture of the Alevis who lived for centuries in the Akçadağ region of Malatya province were obtained. In the research, it is aimed to reveal the socio-cultural structure of the belief world of the Alevis in the Akçadağ region. In order to obtain comprehensive and in-depth information in line with the purpose stated in the research, the phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research designs, was preferred as a method. Alevi citizens residing in various neighborhoods of Malatya Akçadağ District, which were determined by the snowball sampling model, were included in the research. During the interviews with the participating Alevi citizens, various questions were asked to them. The questions asked were resolved through content analysis. The research consists of eight titles excluding introduction and conclusion. In the first title, information about the research subject and scope, the purpose and importance of the research, the method preferred in the research and the research area are given. In the second title, the definition of Alevism and its emergence process, in the third title, the heart system and the institution of dedehood in Alevism, in the fourth title from Alevism worship and the month of Muharram, in the fifth title from companionship and fondness in Alevism, in the sixth title from the funeral and burial traditions in Alevism, in the seventh title from the relationship of Alevism to cafeteria and Sunnism, In the eighth title, exemplary personalities in Alevism, and in the ninth title, various findings obtained from the interviews of Akçadağ region Alevism are given. In the last part, the results of the findings obtained as a result of the interviews with Alevi citizens residing in various neighborhoods of Malatya Akçadağ District during the research process are given. In the research, the historical background of the religious life of the Alevis living in the Akçadağ region of Malatya in the socio-cultural structure was examined, information was obtained about the hearths they belonged to, the dedes they belonged to, and it was concluded that their belief practices had an effect on the people. In the research, it has been determined that the majority of Alevis in the Akçadağ region, especially those from the older generation, are influenced by the Alevi faith teachings at every stage of their lives, and they pay attention to whether every step they take is in accordance with these teachings. In addition, it has been determined that there was a strong commitment to the authority, that is, to the dedes and pirs, but that this commitment is not present in the youth, and that the spirituality of the youth is weakened.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sosyoloji, Sociology
