Obesogens and Energy Homeostasis: Definition, Mechanisms of Action, Exposure, and Adverse Effects on Human Health

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dc.contributor.authorYilmaz, Bayram
dc.contributor.authorErdogan, Cihan Suleyman
dc.contributor.authorSandal, Suleyman
dc.contributor.authorKelestimur, Fahrettin
dc.contributor.authorCarpenter, David O.
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-04T13:33:16Z
dc.date.available2026-04-04T13:33:16Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBackground: Obesity is a major risk factor for non- communicable diseases and is associated with a reduced life expectancy of up to 20 years, as well as with other consequences such as unemployment and increased economic burden for society. It is a multifactorial disease, and physiopathology of obesity involves dysregulated calorie utilization and energy balance, disrupted homeostasis of appetite and satiety, lifestyle factors including sedentary lifestyle, lower socioeconomic status, genetic predisposition, epigenetics, and environmental factors. Some endocrine- disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been proposed as obesogens that stimulate adipogenesis leading to obesity. In this review, definition of obesogens, their adverse effects, underlying mechanisms, and metabolic implications will be updated and discussed. Summary: Disruption of lipid homeostasis by EDCs involves multiple mechanisms including increase in the number and size of adipocytes, disruption of endocrine-regulated adiposity and metabolism, alteration of hypothalamic regulation of appetite, satiety, food preference and energy balance, and modification of insulin sensitivity in the liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas, gastrointestinal system, and the brain. At a cellular level, obesogens can exert their endocrine disruptive effects by interfering with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and steroid receptors. Human exposure to chemical obesogens mainly occurs by ingestion and, to some extent, by inhalation and dermal uptake, usually in an unconscious manner. Persistent pollutants are lipophilic features; thus, they bioaccumulate in adipose tissue. Key Messages: Although there are an increasing number of reports studying the effects of obesogens, their mechanisms of action remain to be elucidated. In addition, epidemiological studies are needed in order to evaluate human exposure to obesogens.
dc.identifier.doi10.1159/000542901
dc.identifier.issn0028-3835
dc.identifier.issn1423-0194
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-9618-6203
dc.identifier.pmid39622213
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85214882279
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1159/000542901
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/109051
dc.identifier.volume115
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001394283100001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherKarger
dc.relation.ispartofNeuroendocrinology
dc.relation.publicationcategoryDiğer
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250329
dc.subjectEndocrine-disrupting chemicals
dc.subjectEnergy homeostasis
dc.subjectHypothalamus
dc.subjectObesity
dc.subjectObesogens
dc.subjectExposome
dc.titleObesogens and Energy Homeostasis: Definition, Mechanisms of Action, Exposure, and Adverse Effects on Human Health
dc.typeReview

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