Türkiye Selçukluları hâkimiyetinden Moğol istilâsına kadar Niğde
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2025
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İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Anadolu coğrafyası, dünyanın en eski kara parçalarından biri olması nedeniyle İlkçağdan itibaren, birçok uygarlık ve medeniyete ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Küçük Asya olarak da bilinen bu bölge, binlerce yıldır üç kıtayı birbirine bağlayan bir köprü görevini görmüş; verimli toprakları, ılıman iklimi ve önemli geçiş yolları üzerinde bulunması sebebiyle insanlar için, cazip bir yerleşim alanı olmuştur. Bu stratejik konumundan dolayı Anadolu; tarih boyunca birçok kavmin ve devletin önemli bir kavşak noktası olarak tarihsel açıdan büyük ilgi odağı ve öneme sahip olmuştur. M.Ö V. yüzyıldan itibaren Anadolu; Sabarlar, Avrupa Hunları, Hazarlar, Kıpçaklar ve Oğuzların akınlarına maruz kalmıştır. Türklerden önce Anadolu'ya Bizanslar egemen olmuştur. Özellikle Orta Anadolu bölgesi, jeopolitik konumu ve doğal kaynaklar, zenginliği nedeniyle yerleşim için tercih edilen bir bölge olmuştur. Bu tez çalışmasında; Orta Anadolu'da yer alan Niğde (antik adıyla Tyana) bölgesinin tarihsel süreç içerisindeki yeri ve önemi ele alınacaktır. Niğde şehri, İlkçağlardan itibaren bir yerleşim alanı olarak kullanılmaya başlanmış olup, bölgenin bilinen en eski tarihi M.Ö. 600.000'li yıllara kadar uzanmaktadır. Yerleşik hayata geçişi ise yaklaşık olarak 10 bin yıl önce başladığı görülmektedir. Bölgeye ilk hâkim olan uygarlık Hititler olmuş, onları sırasıyla Frigler, Persler, Makedon Krallığı, Romalılar, Bizanslılar ve en son Selçuklular takip etmiştir. IX. ve X. yüzyıldan itibaren Türklerin Anadolu'ya göçleri hız kazanarak, Anadolu'nun kapıları 1071 Malazgirt Zaferinden sonra Türklere açılmıştır. Bizans İmparatorluğu, Türklerin ilerleyişinden rahatsızlık duyduğu için Avrupa'dan yardım istemiş, gelen Haçlı orduları, Anadolu'nun iç kesimlerine kadar ilerlemiştir. Anadolu'yu işgâle başlayan Haçlılar yeni sahipleri olan Selçukluları tehdit etmiş ve Selçuklu Türkleri, Haçlılarla yaptıkları savaşlarda elde ettikleri zaferler sayesinde, Anadolu'daki egemenliklerini kalıcı hale gelir. Malazgirt Savaşı'nın ardından Niğde, Büyük Selçuklu komutanlarından Danişment Gazi tarafından fethedilmiş ve böylece stratejik önemi daha da artmıştır. II. Kılıç Arslan'ın Danişmendliler Beyliği'ne son vermesiyle birlikte Niğde, artık tamamen Selçuklu Devleti'nin kontrolüne geçmiştir. Selçuklu döneminde Niğde, önemli bir şehir konumuna gelerek bölgesel anlamda stratejik bir önem kazanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Anadolu Coğrafyası, Tyana (Niğde), Uygarlıklar, Bizans, Haçlı Seferleri, Büyük Selçuklu, Danişmendliler, Anadolu Selçuklu
The geography of Anatolia has hosted many civilizations and civilisations since ancient times, thanks to being one of the oldest land masses in the world. This region, also known as Asia Minor, has served as a bridge connecting three continents for thousands of years; it has been an attractive settlement area for people due to its fertile lands, mild climate and location on important transit routes. Due to this strategic location, Anatolia has attracted the attention of many tribes and states throughout history; it has historically been of great importance as an important crossroads. Starting from the 5th century BC, Anatolia was subjected to the raids of the Sabars, European Huns, Khazars, Kipchaks and Oghuzs. Before the Turks, Anatolia was dominated by the Byzantines. Especially the Central Anatolia region has been a preferred region for settlement due to its geopolitical location and richness in natural resources. This thesis focuses on the historical importance of the Niğde region (ancient Tyana) located in Central Anatolia. The city of Niğde has been used as a settlement since ancient times, and the oldest known history of the region dates back to 600,000 BC. It is seen that the transition to settled life began approximately 10 thousand years ago. The first civilization to dominate the region was the Hittites, followed by the Phrygians, Persians, the Macedonian Kingdom, Romans, Byzantines, Muslims and finally the Seljuks. From the 9th and 10th centuries onwards, the migration of Turks to Anatolia accelerated, and with the 1071 Malazgirt Victory, the gates of Anatolia were opened to the Turks. As a result of the Byzantine Empire's request for help from Europe, which was disturbed by the progress of the Turks, the Crusader armies reached the inner parts of Anatolia. This situation threatened the Seljuks, the new owners of Anatolia, and the Seljuk Turks made their dominance in Anatolia permanent thanks to the victories they achieved in the wars with the Crusaders. After the Victory of Malazgirt, Niğde was conquered by Danişment Gazi, one of the Great Seljuk commanders, and thus its strategic importance increased even more. With the end of the Danişmendli Principality by II. Kılıç Arslan, Niğde was now completely under the control of the Seljuk State. During the Seljuk period, Niğde became an important city and was also very valuable regionally. Key Words: Anatolian Geography, Tyana (Niğde), Civilizations, Byzantium, Crusades, Great Seljuk, Danishmends, Anatolian Seljuk
The geography of Anatolia has hosted many civilizations and civilisations since ancient times, thanks to being one of the oldest land masses in the world. This region, also known as Asia Minor, has served as a bridge connecting three continents for thousands of years; it has been an attractive settlement area for people due to its fertile lands, mild climate and location on important transit routes. Due to this strategic location, Anatolia has attracted the attention of many tribes and states throughout history; it has historically been of great importance as an important crossroads. Starting from the 5th century BC, Anatolia was subjected to the raids of the Sabars, European Huns, Khazars, Kipchaks and Oghuzs. Before the Turks, Anatolia was dominated by the Byzantines. Especially the Central Anatolia region has been a preferred region for settlement due to its geopolitical location and richness in natural resources. This thesis focuses on the historical importance of the Niğde region (ancient Tyana) located in Central Anatolia. The city of Niğde has been used as a settlement since ancient times, and the oldest known history of the region dates back to 600,000 BC. It is seen that the transition to settled life began approximately 10 thousand years ago. The first civilization to dominate the region was the Hittites, followed by the Phrygians, Persians, the Macedonian Kingdom, Romans, Byzantines, Muslims and finally the Seljuks. From the 9th and 10th centuries onwards, the migration of Turks to Anatolia accelerated, and with the 1071 Malazgirt Victory, the gates of Anatolia were opened to the Turks. As a result of the Byzantine Empire's request for help from Europe, which was disturbed by the progress of the Turks, the Crusader armies reached the inner parts of Anatolia. This situation threatened the Seljuks, the new owners of Anatolia, and the Seljuk Turks made their dominance in Anatolia permanent thanks to the victories they achieved in the wars with the Crusaders. After the Victory of Malazgirt, Niğde was conquered by Danişment Gazi, one of the Great Seljuk commanders, and thus its strategic importance increased even more. With the end of the Danişmendli Principality by II. Kılıç Arslan, Niğde was now completely under the control of the Seljuk State. During the Seljuk period, Niğde became an important city and was also very valuable regionally. Key Words: Anatolian Geography, Tyana (Niğde), Civilizations, Byzantium, Crusades, Great Seljuk, Danishmends, Anatolian Seljuk
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Tarih, History
