Türk sağının demokrasi anlayışı: altmış yıllık süreç
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2010
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi / İİBF
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Türkiye’de 1946 yılında çok partili siyasal hayata geçilmesiyle birlikte açılan mücadele alanının mutlak galibi sağ partiler olmuştur. Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi 1950 seçimlerinde kaybettiği iktidarı bir daha hiç bulamamıştır. Demokrat Parti ile açılan sağ iktidarlar çağı, bazı kesintiler olsa da devam etmektedir. Bu çağın her türlü özelliği enine boyuna tartışılmıştır. Gerek partiler, gerek liderleri çok sayıda çalışmanın konusu olmuştur. Bu çalışmaların içinde mutlaka demokrasi boyutuna da değinilmiştir. Demokrat parti döneminde iki partili bir sistem olduğundan, seçim sonuçları açısından iktidar partisi her zaman çoğunluğu almıştır. Ancak o günden bu yana sıklıkla tartışma konusu edilen milli irade kavramı ve onun seçim sonuçlarına dayalı olarak kabulü çok tartışılmamıştır. Yani seçmen çoğunluğunun parlamentodaki yansıması zaman zaman gündeme gelmişse de, halkın bu yansımadaki oransızlığı çoğunlukla sorun etmediği görülmüştür. Adalet Partisi 1965-1980 arası dönemde tek başına veya koalisyonun büyük ortağı olarak uzun süre iktidar partisi olmuştur. Bu dönemin en önemli özelliği, seçim sistemlerindeki adil temsil etkisi dolayısıyla siyasal iktidarlar olağan üstü bir güce sahip olamamışlardır. Bu sürecin sonunda yapılan askeri darbenin öznesi, bütün sorunların sebebini güçsüz iktidarda gördüğü için yaptığı en önemli değişikliği siyasal partiler kanunu ve seçim sistemlerinde yapmıştır. Özellikle az sayıda parti ve güçlü iktidar tasavvuru içinde oluşturulmuş yapıda adeta sağ parti iktidarları planlanmıştır. 1983 yılında açılan “yeni” demokratik dönem bu planın büyük oranda işlediği bir dönem olmuştur. Ayrıca bu dönemde iktidar olarak başlamış olan Anavatan Partisi ve onun lideri Turgut Özal bu düzenlemeleri daha da pekiştirerek kullanmış ve iki dönem boyunca güçlü bir tek parti iktidarı kazanmıştır. Bu bildiride Özal’ın oluşturduğu seçim sistemlerine dayalı olarak devam eden seçim süreçleri ve bu süreçlerden iktidar olarak merkez sağ partilerin iktidar çıkması ve son olarak da Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi’nin üç dönem üst üste iktidar olmasının siyasal ve seçim sistemiyle bağlantılı nedenleri ele alınacaktır.
Democracy Conception of Turkish Right Wing: Process of Sixty Years Right wing parties, thanks to plurality of voting system carried out in 1946 in Turkey, have been the precise triumphant of so-called struggle field. Republican People’s Party has never taken over the power after losing elections in 1950. Even if there has been some distruptions, age of right-wing powers, proceeding with Democrat Party, has been going on. All types of specificity on this age have been discussed in details. Both the parties and their leaders had been the study case of numerous studies. The dimension of democracy had been precisely underlined in these studies. Since there was a dual party system at that time of Democrat Party, the party in power had always got the majority in the light of election results. However since then, the concept of national will, which has often been a point of discussion, and its affirmation depending on election results, has not much been discussed. In other words, although from time to time the reflection of voters majority in the parliament has come into question, it seems that people have rarely questioned the imparity of this reflection. Justice Party, either as the single party or principal partner of coalition, has been the government party for a long time between 1965-1980 periods. The most significant feature of this period is that political forces could not have a spectacular power due to the effect of impartial representation. At the end of this process, since the subject of military coup had related the reasons of all problems with weak powers, it made all great changes in the field of Political Parties Law and election systems. “New” democratic period opened up in 1983 was the phase in which this plan was substantially worked out. Furthermore, The Motherland Party, which had come to in this period, and its leader Turgut Özal, have consolidated these regulations and have been a mighty single party in power for two periods. This study would deal with election processes ongoing with respect to election systems constituted by Özal and the triumph of central right-wing parties through these processes and finally reasons, which are related with the political and election systems, for serial successes of Justice and Development Party that is running three periods so far.
Democracy Conception of Turkish Right Wing: Process of Sixty Years Right wing parties, thanks to plurality of voting system carried out in 1946 in Turkey, have been the precise triumphant of so-called struggle field. Republican People’s Party has never taken over the power after losing elections in 1950. Even if there has been some distruptions, age of right-wing powers, proceeding with Democrat Party, has been going on. All types of specificity on this age have been discussed in details. Both the parties and their leaders had been the study case of numerous studies. The dimension of democracy had been precisely underlined in these studies. Since there was a dual party system at that time of Democrat Party, the party in power had always got the majority in the light of election results. However since then, the concept of national will, which has often been a point of discussion, and its affirmation depending on election results, has not much been discussed. In other words, although from time to time the reflection of voters majority in the parliament has come into question, it seems that people have rarely questioned the imparity of this reflection. Justice Party, either as the single party or principal partner of coalition, has been the government party for a long time between 1965-1980 periods. The most significant feature of this period is that political forces could not have a spectacular power due to the effect of impartial representation. At the end of this process, since the subject of military coup had related the reasons of all problems with weak powers, it made all great changes in the field of Political Parties Law and election systems. “New” democratic period opened up in 1983 was the phase in which this plan was substantially worked out. Furthermore, The Motherland Party, which had come to in this period, and its leader Turgut Özal, have consolidated these regulations and have been a mighty single party in power for two periods. This study would deal with election processes ongoing with respect to election systems constituted by Özal and the triumph of central right-wing parties through these processes and finally reasons, which are related with the political and election systems, for serial successes of Justice and Development Party that is running three periods so far.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Demokrasi, Türkiye’de sağ partiler, milli irade, çarpık temsil, AKP iktidarı, Democracy, Right-Wing Parties in Turkey, National Will, Deviant Representation, The Government of AKP
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
0
Sayı
0
Künye
Arı, M. (2010). Türk sağının demokrasi anlayışı: altmış yıllık süreç. 1-10 ss.
