Türk siyasal hayatında silahlı kuvvetlerin politik gücü
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Ordunun Türk devletinde ve toplumunda daima merkezi bir yeri olmuştur. Türk güvenlik kültüründe baskın söylem geleneksel olarak devletin korunmasına odaklanmıştır ve ordunun ana görevi devleti dış ve iç düşmanlara karşı savunmak olmuştur. Modern Türkiye'nin tarihsel bağlamı aslında TSK'nın Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'ni koruma ve bir tür siyasi role sahip olma konusunda ayrıcalıklı konumu üzerinden inşa edilmiştir. Modernleşme projesi, tarihi yönlerinin yanı sıra, orduyu cumhuriyetçi değerlerin korunmasını, esas olarak rejimin laik karakterini üstlenebilecek ana güç unsuru olarak görmüştür. İlk askeri müdahale olan 27 Mayıs darbesinden sonra, ordu yalnızca politik gücünün zirvesine çıkmamış aynı zamanda yapılan düzenlemelerle bu politik gücünü sürdürmesine imkân oluşturacak yasal zemin de oluşturulmuştur. 27 Mayıs darbesinden başlayarak on yıl aralıklarla ordu siyasete ya bizzat doğrudan bir şekilde meşru hükümetleri devirerek yönetimi eline almış ya da 1971 Muhtırası, 28 Şubat MGK kararları gibi dolaylı yollardan siyaseti etkisi altına almıştır. Bununla birlikte, bu darbelerin her birini takiben ordu, gücünü Türk siyasi hayatının en önemli aktörlerinden birine dönüştüren anayasal ve yasal değişiklikler yoluyla artırmıştır. 15 Temmuz 2016 yılında gerçekleşen darbe girişiminden sonra yapılan düzenlemelerle ordu üzerindeki sivil kontrol pekiştirilmiştir. Yapmış olduğumuz bu çalışma ile Cumhuriyet dönemi ordu siyaset ilişkileri incelenecek olup, bu ilişkilerde ordunun politik gücü irdelenecektir. Anahtar Kelimeler; Türkiye, Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri, Askeri Darbe, Muhtıra
The army always had a central place in the Turkish state and society. Dominant discourse in Turkish security culture has traditionally focused on the protection of the state, and the principal mission of military has been to defend the state against external and internal enemies. The historical context of the modern Turkey is actually built over duty of the TAF to protecting the Republic of Turkey and its politically privileged role. The modernization project, besides its historical aspects, saw the army as the basic power that could mainly assume the secular character of the regime. After the May 27 military coup, which was the first military intervention, the army not only reached the top of its political power, but also the legal ground that would enable it to continue this political power with the arrangements made. Beginning with the May 27 coup, the military had took over the government at ten-year intervals, either by directly overthrowing legitimate governments directly or under the influence of politics through indirect ways such as the 1971 Memorandum or the February 28 decisions. Nevertheless, following each of these coups, the army had enhanced its strength through constitutional and legal changes that turned it into one of the most significant actors of Turkish political life. After the coup attempt on July 15, 2016, civilian control over the army was reinforced by regulations. With this study we have done, the political relations of the Republican era will be examined, and the military's power in these relationships will be scrutinized. Keywords; Turkey, Turkish Armed Forces, the Military Coup, Memorandum
The army always had a central place in the Turkish state and society. Dominant discourse in Turkish security culture has traditionally focused on the protection of the state, and the principal mission of military has been to defend the state against external and internal enemies. The historical context of the modern Turkey is actually built over duty of the TAF to protecting the Republic of Turkey and its politically privileged role. The modernization project, besides its historical aspects, saw the army as the basic power that could mainly assume the secular character of the regime. After the May 27 military coup, which was the first military intervention, the army not only reached the top of its political power, but also the legal ground that would enable it to continue this political power with the arrangements made. Beginning with the May 27 coup, the military had took over the government at ten-year intervals, either by directly overthrowing legitimate governments directly or under the influence of politics through indirect ways such as the 1971 Memorandum or the February 28 decisions. Nevertheless, following each of these coups, the army had enhanced its strength through constitutional and legal changes that turned it into one of the most significant actors of Turkish political life. After the coup attempt on July 15, 2016, civilian control over the army was reinforced by regulations. With this study we have done, the political relations of the Republican era will be examined, and the military's power in these relationships will be scrutinized. Keywords; Turkey, Turkish Armed Forces, the Military Coup, Memorandum
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Siyasal Bilimler, Political Science
