The Effect of Massage and Foot Reflexology on Sleep in Newborns

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dc.contributor.authorBelpinar, Ayse
dc.contributor.authorYayan, Emriye Hilal
dc.contributor.authorOzdemir, Ahmet
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-04T13:33:14Z
dc.date.available2026-04-04T13:33:14Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractObjective: This study was conducted to examine the effects of massage and foot reflexology on the sleep of premature infants. Materials and Methods: The research was designed as a randomized controlled experimental study. The study population consisted of premature infants born at 30-37 weeks of gestation who were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a hospital in the Central Anatolia Region. The sample included 108 premature infants divided into three groups: Massage group (n = 36), Foot reflexology group (n = 36), and Control group (n = 36). Data were collected using a neonatal follow-up form and actigraphy. Massage and foot reflexology interventions were administered to the respective groups twice daily (Morning: 07:00-09:00 and Evening: 19:00-21:00) for 15 minutes each session over two consecutive days, making up a total of four sessions. The control group received routine nursing care without any additional intervention. Pre-test (once) and post-test (once) measurements of 24-h sleep durations were assessed using actigraphy for all groups. Results: Sleep duration in the massage group increased compared to pre-intervention (251 minutes) and the control group (272 minutes), while the sleep duration in the foot reflexology group similarly increased compared to pre-intervention (268 minutes) and the control group (266 minutes) (p < .001). Sleep efficiency also showed a significant increase post-intervention, rising to 73% in the massage group and 71.8% in the foot reflexology group compared to the control group (p < .001). Furthermore, the number of awakenings and wakefulness duration significantly decreased in the massage and foot reflexology groups compared to the control group (p < .05). Conclusion: The findings indicate that massage and foot reflexology are effective non-pharmacological methods for improving sleep duration and sleep efficiency while reducing wakefulness duration and the number of awakenings in premature infants.
dc.description.sponsorshipInonu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit [TDK2024-3415]
dc.description.sponsorshipThe author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was supported by a grant from the Inonu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (grant number: TDK2024-3415).
dc.identifier.doi10.1177/10998004251332911
dc.identifier.endpage517
dc.identifier.issn1099-8004
dc.identifier.issn1552-4175
dc.identifier.issue3
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-8042-6882
dc.identifier.pmid40229193
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105006422898
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage504
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1177/10998004251332911
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/109005
dc.identifier.volume27
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001467213900001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSage Publications Inc
dc.relation.ispartofBiological Research For Nursing
dc.relation.publicationcategoryDiğer
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250329
dc.subjectnewborn
dc.subjectmassage
dc.subjectfoot reflexology
dc.subjectsleep
dc.titleThe Effect of Massage and Foot Reflexology on Sleep in Newborns
dc.typeEditorial

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