Klasik ve modern dönemlerde fıkıh usulünde tecdid
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
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Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Klasik dönemde, V. (XI.) yüzyılda usul ilminin yenilenmesiyle ilgili tartışma ve çalışmalar başlamıştır. Modern dönemde ise XIX. yüzyılın son çeyreğinden başlamak üzere önce Osmanlı hukukçuları, daha sonra da diğer İslâm ülkelerindeki hukukçular usul ilmini yenileme sorunuyla ilgilenip tartışmışlardır. Bu önemlerde fıkıh usulünün tecdidi tartışılırken, şekilde tecdid mümkün görülmüş, içerikte yenilik konusunda ise mutabakat sağlanmamıştır. Bu tartışmalar, fıkıh usulünün kati ve sabit olup olmadığı diyalektiği, bazen de usulün ilmî ve epistemolojik olgunluğa eriştiği düşücesi temelinde şekillenmiştir. Bazı bilginler, sadece ilgili disiplinde ve varsa bu disiplini metodolojik olarak kullanan düşüncede bir paradigma dönüşümünü sağlayan yenilikleri tecdid sayarken, diğer bazıları, farklı bazı yeni metodolojik meselelerin ilavesini de içerik tecdidi olarak kabul etmektedir. Klasik dönemde usul ilmi, hem şekil hem de içerik açısından yenilenmiştir. İçerik olarak yenilenmesi, özellikle gâî doktrinin onun bir konusu olarak ele alınmasıyla başlamış, bu doktrin çerçevesinde kapsamı genişletilmiş ve daha sistematik bir şekilde ele alınmıştır. Aynı zamanda, usul bilgisinin değerine ilişkin yeni anlayışlar ortaya atılıp epistemolojik olarak da yenilenmiştir. Modern dönem tecdid tartışmaları bağlamında bazı ilim adamları disiplin içi arayışlarla usulü tecdid etmeye çalışırken, diğer bazıları disiplin dışı imkânlarla tecdid yapmak istemiştir. Bu bağlamda, usul ilminin dil kurallarına aşırı odaklandığı, mak?sıd konusunu ihmal ettiği, içeriğinin çoğunlukla tartışmalı olduğu, yaşamın gerçekliğinden kopuk bir şekilde geliştiği gibi eleştiriler yapılmıştır. Usul ilmi ile sosyal bilimler arasında işbirliği yapılması, usulün kavramsal içeriğinin geliştirilmesi ve İslâm hukukunun literatürünün birleştirilmesi önerilmiştir. Usul tecdidinin niteliksel boyutuyla ilgili bazı tartışmalar, klasik çalışmaların tekrarıdan ibarettir. Modern dönemde, içerik tecdidi konusunda fazla bir ilerleme kaydedilmemişse de tecdid tartışmalarıyla çeşitli açılımlar yapılmış, yeni teoriler geliştirilmiş, farklı problemler ortaya konulmuş, usul ilmini yenilemeye dair farklı yaklaşımlar sunulmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Fıkıh Usulü, Tecdid, Klasik Dönem, Modern Dönem, İçerik, Şekil.
In the Classical period, around the 5th (11th) century, discussions and efforts towards the renewal of the science of usul (principles of Islamic jurisprudence) began. In the Modern period, starting from the last quarter of the 19th century, Ottoman jurists initially, and later jurists in other Islamic countries, engaged in discussions and efforts to renew the science of usul. While there was consensus on the possibility of renewal in the form of usul, there was no agreement on its renewability in terms of content. These debates were shaped by the dialectic of whether usul in fiqh (jurisprudence) is definitive and fixed or whether it has reached scientific and epistemological maturity. During the Classical period, the science of usul underwent renewal both in form and content. The renewal in content began, especially with the inclusion of the g??? (external) doctrine as one of its subjects. Within this framework, its scope was expanded and approached more systematically. Simultaneously, new understandings regarding the value of the science of usul were proposed, leading to its epistemological renewal. In the context of modern renewal discussions, some scholars attempted to renew usul through intra-disciplinary endeavors, while others sought to do so through interdisciplinary means. Criticisms were raised about the excessive focus of usul on language rules, neglect of the mak?sıd (objectives) issue, the controversial nature of its content, and its development being disconnected from the reality of life. Suggestions were made for collaboration between the science of usul and social sciences, the enhancement of the conceptual content of usul, and the integration of the literature of Islamic law. Some discussions on the qualitative dimension of usul renewal are seen as mere repetitions of classical works. In the Modern period, although there has not been much progress in the renewal of content, various studies have been conducted within the context of renewal discussions. New theories have been developed, different problems have been identified, and various approaches have been proposed for the modernization of the science of usul. Keywords: Usul al-Fiqh, Renewal, Classical Period, Modern Period, Content, Form.
In the Classical period, around the 5th (11th) century, discussions and efforts towards the renewal of the science of usul (principles of Islamic jurisprudence) began. In the Modern period, starting from the last quarter of the 19th century, Ottoman jurists initially, and later jurists in other Islamic countries, engaged in discussions and efforts to renew the science of usul. While there was consensus on the possibility of renewal in the form of usul, there was no agreement on its renewability in terms of content. These debates were shaped by the dialectic of whether usul in fiqh (jurisprudence) is definitive and fixed or whether it has reached scientific and epistemological maturity. During the Classical period, the science of usul underwent renewal both in form and content. The renewal in content began, especially with the inclusion of the g??? (external) doctrine as one of its subjects. Within this framework, its scope was expanded and approached more systematically. Simultaneously, new understandings regarding the value of the science of usul were proposed, leading to its epistemological renewal. In the context of modern renewal discussions, some scholars attempted to renew usul through intra-disciplinary endeavors, while others sought to do so through interdisciplinary means. Criticisms were raised about the excessive focus of usul on language rules, neglect of the mak?sıd (objectives) issue, the controversial nature of its content, and its development being disconnected from the reality of life. Suggestions were made for collaboration between the science of usul and social sciences, the enhancement of the conceptual content of usul, and the integration of the literature of Islamic law. Some discussions on the qualitative dimension of usul renewal are seen as mere repetitions of classical works. In the Modern period, although there has not been much progress in the renewal of content, various studies have been conducted within the context of renewal discussions. New theories have been developed, different problems have been identified, and various approaches have been proposed for the modernization of the science of usul. Keywords: Usul al-Fiqh, Renewal, Classical Period, Modern Period, Content, Form.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Din, Religion
