Electrochemical Bio-Monitoring of the Analgesic Drug Paracetamol, the Antipsychotic Sulpiride, and the Antibiotic Bromhexine Hydrochloride Using Modified Carbon Paste Electrode Based on Ca 0.7 La 0.3 Fe 0.3 Ni 0.7 O 3 Nano-Sized Particles and Black Carbon
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2024
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Elsevier
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
Drug biomonitoring using developed modified sensors, especially with recent electrochemical techniques, is considered an essential step and plays a significant role in the good detection of several drugs in biofluids, minimizing the damages resulting from their overdoses. This work is based on the detection of three important drugs such as paracetamol (PCM), sulpiride (Sulp), and bromhexine hydrochloride (Brh-HCl) with different pharmaceutical families. A specific sensor was fabricated called the carbon paste electrode (CPE) based on Ca 0.7 La 0.3 Fe 0.3 Ni 0.7 O 3 (CLFN) nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by a citrate method and modified with black carbon (BC). A low-cost, highly sensitive BC/CLFN NPs/CPE sensor was prepared for the simultaneous determination of the three drugs using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), square wave voltammetry (SWV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Physicochemical characterization was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The calculated crystallite size using the Debye-Scherer equation was 237.08 nm by XRD, while the nanoparticles grain size was 60.27 nm extracted from SEM surface images. As a result, the developed sensor demonstrates a high response and sensitivity towards PCM, Sulp, and Brh-HCl molecules compared to literature with excellent and low detection limits of 0.36 mu M, 0.042 mu M, and 2.88 mu M for PCM, 0.073 mu M, 0.12 mu M, 15.45 mu M for Sulp, and 0.407 mu M, 0.17 mu M, 7.82 mu M for Brh-HCl drug by CV, DPV and SWV techniques, respectively. High sensitivities of 6588.07, 149.73, and 83.35 mu A. mu M- 1 .cm- 2 for PCM, Sulp, and Brh by CV technique, respectively with wide linear range from 0.01 mu M to 180 mu M for PCM, from 0.1 mu M to 160 mu M for Sulp, and from 0.5 mu M to 240 mu M for Brh by DPV technique. Additionally, the modified CLFN NPs/BC/CPE sensor demonstrated excellent results in real pharmaceutical samples for all three drugs. The reported results include very good recoveries of 104.21 %, 98.68 %, and 95.50 %, and excellent relative standard deviations of 1.18 %, 1.52 %, and 2.84 %, respectively.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sensors, Paracetamol, Sulpiride, Bromhexine hydrochloride, Differential pulse voltammetry, Carbon paste electrode
Kaynak
Surfaces and Interfaces
WoS Q Değeri
Q1
Scopus Q Değeri
Q1
Cilt
53
