Çinko içeren malahit cevherinden bakır/çinko katalizörlerinin üretimi
Yükleniyor...
Dosyalar
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada, malahit cevherinden benzenin fenole tek kademeli sıvı faz oksidasyon reaksiyonunda kullanılmak üzere CuO/ZnO katalizörleri sentezlendi. Bir bakır cevheri olan ve aynı zamanda çinko içeren malahit cevheri liç işlemine tabi tutularak cevherin yapısındaki bakır ve çinko iyonları halinde amonyak/amonyum nitrattan oluşan liç çözeltisine alındı ve liç kinetiği incelendi. Bağımsız parametre olarak amonyak/amonyum nitrat derişimi (C), ortalama tane boyutu (TB), katı/sıvı oranı (K/S), karıştırma hızı (KH) ve reaksiyon sıcaklığı (T) seçildi. Katı boyutu ve katı/sıvı oranının azalması, reaksiyon sıcaklığı ve çözelti derişiminin artması ile liç hızının arttığı gözlendi. Liç reaksiyonunun karışık kinetik modelle temsil edilebileceği belirlendi. Bakır ve çinko iyonlarının her ikisinin çözünme reaksiyonu için aktivasyon enerjisi 16.22 kJ/mol olarak bulundu. Liç prosesinin model denklemleri bakır ve çinko iyonları için sırasıyla aşağıdaki gibi belirlendi. 〖1-(1-X_Cu)〗^(1/3)]〗^2=5.3.10^(-7).(C)^(1.5949 ).(TB)^(-1.0101) .(K/S)^(-0.679).(KH)^0.5647.exp((-1951)/T).t 〖〖[1-(1-X_Zn)〗^(1/3)]〗^2=1.35.10^(-10).(C)^(0.3692 ).(TB)^(-0.7533) .(K/S)^(-0.2461).(KH)^2.0649.exp((-1950.7)/T).t Elde edilen liç çözeltisi kullanılarak birlikte çöktürme yöntemiyle bakır ve çinko iyonlarının karbonat bileşikleri halinde çöktürülmesi sağlandı. Elde edilen karbonatlı bileşiğin kalsinasyonu ile oksit halinde Cu/Zn katalizörü hazırlandı. Sentezlenen ikili CuO/ZnO katalizörünün yapısal karakterizasyonu için XRD, BET, SEM-EDS, TGA-DTA, FT-IR analiz teknikleri uygulandı. Hazırlanan katalizörlerin, sıvı fazda benzenin fenole tek kademeli oksidasyon reaksiyonunda katalitik etkisi araştırıldı. Bağımsız parametre olarak askorbik asit derişimi, katalizör miktarı, reaksiyon süresi, karıştırma hızı, benzen derişimi ve reaksiyon sıcaklığı seçildi. Hazırlanan CuO/ZnO ikili katalizörün literatürde belirtilen katalizörlere oranla iyi bir aktiviteye sahip olduğu belirlendi ve maksimum fenol verimi %3.23 olarak hesaplandı. Benzenden fenol üretiminin birinci dereceden kinetik modele uyduğu belirlendi. Reaksiyonun aktivasyon enerjisi 7.09 kJ/mol olarak bulundu.
In this study, CuO/ZnO catalysts were synthesized for use in the single-stage liquid phase oxidation reaction of benzene to phenol. Malachite a copper ore, which also contains zinc, was leached to take copper and zinc into the solution as ions and their leaching kinetics was investigated. Ammonia/ammonium nitrate concentration (C), particle size (TB), solid/liquid ratio (K/S), mixing speed (KH) and reaction temperature (T) were chosen as independent parameters. It was determined that the decrease in solid size and solid/liquid ratio, increase in reaction temperature and solution concentration increased the leaching rate. The rate expression of the leaching reaction was represented by a mixed kinetic model. The activation energy for the dissolution reaction of both copper and zinc ions was found to be 16.22 kJ/mol. The model equation for leaching process is expressed as follows for copper and zinc ions, respectively. 〖〖[1-(1-X_Cu)〗^(1/3)]〗^2=5.3.10^(-7) (C)^(1.5949 ).(TB)^(-1.0101) .(K/S)^(-0.679).(KH)^0.5647.exp((-1951)/T).t 〖〖[1-(1-X_Zn)〗^(1/3)]〗^2=1.35.10^(-10) (C)^(0.3692 ).(TB)^(-0.7533) .(K/S)^(-0.2461).(KH)^2.0649.exp((-1950.7)/T).t Precipitation of copper and zinc ions in the form of carbonate compounds was achieved by co-precipitation using the leach solution. Cu/Zn catalyst in oxide form was prepared by the calcination of the precipitate of the carbonate compound. XRD, BET, SEM-EDS, TGA-DTA, FT-IR analysis techniques were applied for the structural characterization of the binary CuO/ZnO catalyst. Activity tests of the catalysts for single-step oxidation reaction of benzene to phenol was carried out in liquid phase. Ascorbic acid concentration, amount of catalyst, reaction time, stirring speed, benzene concentration and reaction temperature were chosen as independent parameters. It was determined that the catalyst prepared for his study had a better activity compared to the catalysts mentioned in the literature, Maximum phenol yield was calculated as 3.23 % under optimum conditions. The production of phenol from benzene was found to fit the first-order kinetic model. The activation energy of the reaction was found to be 7.09 kJ/mol.
In this study, CuO/ZnO catalysts were synthesized for use in the single-stage liquid phase oxidation reaction of benzene to phenol. Malachite a copper ore, which also contains zinc, was leached to take copper and zinc into the solution as ions and their leaching kinetics was investigated. Ammonia/ammonium nitrate concentration (C), particle size (TB), solid/liquid ratio (K/S), mixing speed (KH) and reaction temperature (T) were chosen as independent parameters. It was determined that the decrease in solid size and solid/liquid ratio, increase in reaction temperature and solution concentration increased the leaching rate. The rate expression of the leaching reaction was represented by a mixed kinetic model. The activation energy for the dissolution reaction of both copper and zinc ions was found to be 16.22 kJ/mol. The model equation for leaching process is expressed as follows for copper and zinc ions, respectively. 〖〖[1-(1-X_Cu)〗^(1/3)]〗^2=5.3.10^(-7) (C)^(1.5949 ).(TB)^(-1.0101) .(K/S)^(-0.679).(KH)^0.5647.exp((-1951)/T).t 〖〖[1-(1-X_Zn)〗^(1/3)]〗^2=1.35.10^(-10) (C)^(0.3692 ).(TB)^(-0.7533) .(K/S)^(-0.2461).(KH)^2.0649.exp((-1950.7)/T).t Precipitation of copper and zinc ions in the form of carbonate compounds was achieved by co-precipitation using the leach solution. Cu/Zn catalyst in oxide form was prepared by the calcination of the precipitate of the carbonate compound. XRD, BET, SEM-EDS, TGA-DTA, FT-IR analysis techniques were applied for the structural characterization of the binary CuO/ZnO catalyst. Activity tests of the catalysts for single-step oxidation reaction of benzene to phenol was carried out in liquid phase. Ascorbic acid concentration, amount of catalyst, reaction time, stirring speed, benzene concentration and reaction temperature were chosen as independent parameters. It was determined that the catalyst prepared for his study had a better activity compared to the catalysts mentioned in the literature, Maximum phenol yield was calculated as 3.23 % under optimum conditions. The production of phenol from benzene was found to fit the first-order kinetic model. The activation energy of the reaction was found to be 7.09 kJ/mol.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kimya Mühendisliği
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Bakırcı Karacahan, Z. (2022). Çinko içeren malahit cevherinden bakır/çinko katalizörlerinin üretimi. İnönü Üniversitesi, Malatya.
