Effects of sugar type and regional variation on the biochemical composition of royal jelly (Apis mellifera L.)

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dc.contributor.authorKarlidag, Semiramis
dc.contributor.authorBasgel, Serkan
dc.contributor.authorMaras, Zeynep
dc.contributor.authorUyumlu, Ayse Burcin
dc.contributor.authorDemir, Nurullah
dc.contributor.authorUgur, Yilmaz
dc.contributor.authorAkyol, Abuzer
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-04T13:34:41Z
dc.date.available2026-04-04T13:34:41Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractRoyal jelly, owing to its rich biochemical composition, is widely used in apitherapy and human nutrition. To enhance its production, honeybee colonies are often supplemented with industrial carbohydrate sources. This study aimed to investigate how different locations (Do & gbreve;an & scedil;ehir and Uluk & ouml;y) and carbohydrate types influence the biochemical composition of royal jelly, including sugar content, enzymatic activity, and phenolic compounds. The results revealed that both location and carbohydrate source significantly affected the biochemical profile of the samples. The Do & gbreve;an & scedil;ehir-glucose-fed group exhibited the highest 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid (10-HAD) content (2.77%, w/w; p < 0.001), whereas the Do & gbreve;an & scedil;ehir-control group had the lowest (1.41%, w/w; p < 0.001). Environmental conditions in Do & gbreve;an & scedil;ehir appeared to promote 10-HDA production, and glucose feeding proved to be an effective strategy for optimizing it. Although glucose, fructose, and sucrose levels were similar between locations, maltose content differed significantly. The highest glucose ratios were detected in the Do & gbreve;an & scedil;ehir bee-feed group (3.82%) and the Uluk & ouml;y bee-feed group (3.57%). Invertase activity (4.51 +/- 1.34 U/mL) and catalase activity (21.78 +/- 0.80 U/mL) were highest in glucose-fed bees, whereas these parameters were lowest in the sucrose-fed group (0.72 +/- 0.16 and 11.25 +/- 2.66 U/mL, respectively; p < 0.01). Glucose feeding markedly increased the levels of invertase, catalase, total protein, amino acids, proline, and 10-HDA in royal jelly (p < 0.01). In conclusion, both environmental factors and carbohydrate-based feeding exert significant effects on the biochemical composition of royal jelly.
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK); Inonu Universitesi [FCD-2018-1118]
dc.description.sponsorshipOpen access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK). Funding was provided by Inonu Universitesi (Grant No. FCD-2018-1118).
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/s41598-025-32825-x
dc.identifier.issn2045-2322
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-9040-4249
dc.identifier.pmid41444815
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105028483849
dc.identifier.scopusqualityN/A
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-32825-x
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/109329
dc.identifier.volume16
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001669620100002
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherNature Portfolio
dc.relation.ispartofScientific Reports
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250329
dc.subjectCarbohydrate feeding
dc.subjectRoyal jelly
dc.subjectSugar
dc.subjectCatalase
dc.subject10-HDA
dc.subjectPhenolic compounds
dc.titleEffects of sugar type and regional variation on the biochemical composition of royal jelly (Apis mellifera L.)
dc.typeArticle

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