Türkiye'de doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının gelişmekte olan ülkeler çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi:Ampirik bir analiz
Yükleniyor...
Dosyalar
Tarih
2007
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Dogrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları dıs finansman kaynakları içerisinde en güvenilir ve en kalıcı olanıdır. lk örneklerine yirminci yüzyılın baslarında rastlanılan bu yatırımların asıl gelisimi kinci Dünya Savası'nın bitimi sonrası olmustur. Dogrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları, 1980'lerden itibaren ise özellikle gelismekte olan ülkeler için en önemli dıs finansman kaynagı olmustur. Tasarruf yetersizligi, issizlik, ödemeler bilançosu açıkları ve dısarıdan teknoloji temini gibi sıkıntılar yasayan gelismekte olan ülkeler için daima gündemde tutulmustur. Bu nedenle hem gelismis hem de gelismekte olan ülkeler, dogrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarını kendi ülkelerine çekmek için çaba sarf etmektedirler. Türkiye'de ise Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında duyulan sermaye sıkıntısı ve hedeflenen kalkınma düzeyinin yakalanabilmesi için dogrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları gündeme alınmıstır. Fakat 1929 Ekonomik Bunalımı ve kinci Dünya Savası'nın agır kosulları nedeniyle bu yatırımlardan yeterince faydalanılmamıstır. Savas sonrasında ise Türkiye de, dünyadaki egilimi takip etmis ve seçimini dogrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımını çekecek politikalar yönünde kullanmıstır. Bu amaçla 1954 yılında dünyanın en liberal dogrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımı kanunlarından biri yasalasmıstır. Fakat bu alandaki lider ülkelerle kıyaslanınca bu kanunun da ülkeye yeterli miktarda yatırım getirmedigi söylenilebilir. Türkiye'deki asıl degisim ise ekonomi politikalarının birçogunun liberallestirildigi 1980 yılı sonrasında yasanmıstır. Dogrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının belirleyicilerine ve ev sahibi ülkelere olan etkilerine bakıldıgında gelismis ülkelerin bu yatırımlardan daha fazla fayda sagladıgı görülmektedir. Ayrıca dogrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları çogunlukla gelismis ülkelerin kendi aralarında yapılmaktadır. Türkiye ise dogrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarından son birkaç yıl hariç olmak üzere yeteri kadar yararlanamamıstır ve yeterli miktarda dogrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımı çekememistir. Fakat Türkiye'ye gelen dogrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları ile ilgili yapılan ampirik analizde dogrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının ekonomik büyümeye incelenen diger gelismekte olan ülkelere nazaran daha fazla katkı yaptıgı ortaya çıkmıstır.
Foreign direct investment is the most reliable and the most permanent one among all the external financing resources. The first examples of these kind of investments appeared in the early period of the 20th century however actual expansion of foreign direct investment raised after the end of Second World War. Beginning from the 1980s foreign direct investment has become the most important financing resource especially for the developing countries which have problems always in terms of lack of savings, unemployment, balance of payment deficits, and the provision of foreign technology. For these reasons, both developed and developing countries struggle to get the foreign direct investment to their own countries. In Turkey, foreign direct investment was put on the agenda in the early years of Turkish Republic in order to catch the targeted development level and to overcome the capital difficulties. However as a result of the 1929 Great Depression and the difficult conditions of the Second World War Turkey could not benefited from these investments in a sufficient way. After the Second World War, Turkey followed the wide-ranging trend of the world and made her own preference to bring the foreign direct investment. For this purpose, in 1954 one of the most liberal foreign direct investment laws of the world was enacted. But this law never brought enough investment to the country when compared with the leader countries of that field. The actual change happened in Turkey after 1980 since most economic policies liberalized. It is seemed that developed countries are the most favoured countries from foreign direct investment when we take into consideration the determinants and the host country effects of foreign direct investment. Additionally foreign direct investment is usually performed between the developed countries. Except last few years Turkey had never benefited from foreign direct investment and brought sufficient foreign direct investment as desired. But it is clear from this empirical analysis on the foreign direct investment in Turkey that foreign direct investment has more contribution to the economic growth of Turkey with respect to the other analyzed developing countries.
Foreign direct investment is the most reliable and the most permanent one among all the external financing resources. The first examples of these kind of investments appeared in the early period of the 20th century however actual expansion of foreign direct investment raised after the end of Second World War. Beginning from the 1980s foreign direct investment has become the most important financing resource especially for the developing countries which have problems always in terms of lack of savings, unemployment, balance of payment deficits, and the provision of foreign technology. For these reasons, both developed and developing countries struggle to get the foreign direct investment to their own countries. In Turkey, foreign direct investment was put on the agenda in the early years of Turkish Republic in order to catch the targeted development level and to overcome the capital difficulties. However as a result of the 1929 Great Depression and the difficult conditions of the Second World War Turkey could not benefited from these investments in a sufficient way. After the Second World War, Turkey followed the wide-ranging trend of the world and made her own preference to bring the foreign direct investment. For this purpose, in 1954 one of the most liberal foreign direct investment laws of the world was enacted. But this law never brought enough investment to the country when compared with the leader countries of that field. The actual change happened in Turkey after 1980 since most economic policies liberalized. It is seemed that developed countries are the most favoured countries from foreign direct investment when we take into consideration the determinants and the host country effects of foreign direct investment. Additionally foreign direct investment is usually performed between the developed countries. Except last few years Turkey had never benefited from foreign direct investment and brought sufficient foreign direct investment as desired. But it is clear from this empirical analysis on the foreign direct investment in Turkey that foreign direct investment has more contribution to the economic growth of Turkey with respect to the other analyzed developing countries.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ekonomi, Economics
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Saray, M.O. (2007). Türkiye'de doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının gelişmekte olan ülkeler çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi:Ampirik bir analiz. Yayımlanmış Yüksek lisans Tezi, İnönü Üniversitesi, Malatya.
