Effectiveness of Balance- and Strength-Based Exercise Interventions for Fall Prevention in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

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dc.contributor.authorChoudhary, Prashant Kumar
dc.contributor.authorChoudhary, Suchishrava
dc.contributor.authorSaha, Sohom
dc.contributor.authorKatanic, Borko
dc.contributor.authorIlbak, Ismail
dc.contributor.authorTornoczky, Gusztav Jozsef
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-04T13:31:01Z
dc.date.available2026-04-04T13:31:01Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBackground: Falls are a leading cause of injury, disability, and loss of independence among community-dwelling older adults. Although exercise-based interventions are widely recommended for fall prevention, the comparative effectiveness of different exercise modalities remains insufficiently synthesized. Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Randomized and controlled trials were identified through searches of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL, including studies involving adults aged >= 60 years who participated in balance-based, strength-based, multimodal, Tai Ji Quan, Otago Exercise Program, or perturbation-based reactive balance training interventions. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (ROB-2) tool. Due to substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity across interventions and outcome measures, a narrative synthesis was undertaken. Results: Twenty-seven trials met the inclusion criteria. Exercise interventions consistently reduced fall incidence across studies. Tai Ji Quan interventions were associated with approximately 31-58% reductions in falls, the Otago Exercise Program with 23-40% reductions, and multimodal strength-balance training with 20-45% reductions. Perturbation-based reactive balance training demonstrated particularly strong effects on laboratory-induced falls, with reductions ranging from 50-75%. Functional outcomes also improved across intervention types, including faster Timed Up and Go performance, increased gait speed, improvements of approximately 1.2-2.5 points in Short Physical Performance Battery scores, 15-35% gains in lower-limb strength, and enhanced reactive balance responses. Longer-duration interventions (12-24 months) generally demonstrated sustained reductions in fall risk. Conclusions: Evidence from randomized and controlled trials indicates that structured exercise interventions, particularly Tai Ji Quan, the Otago Exercise Program, multimodal strength-balance training, and perturbation-based reactive balance training, are effective in reducing falls and improving balance, mobility, and strength in community-dwelling older adults. These findings support the use of targeted, evidence-based exercise programs as central components of fall-prevention strategies in older populations.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/life16010041
dc.identifier.issn2075-1729
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.pmid41598197
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105028732913
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/life16010041
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/108529
dc.identifier.volume16
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001671617300001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofLife-Basel
dc.relation.publicationcategoryDiğer
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250329
dc.subjectaging population
dc.subjectbalance training
dc.subjectstrength training
dc.subjectmobility
dc.subjectreactive balance
dc.subjectfall risk reduction
dc.titleEffectiveness of Balance- and Strength-Based Exercise Interventions for Fall Prevention in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
dc.typeReview

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