27 Mayıs İhtilali'nden sonra ordudaki siyasal ayrışmalar
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İnönü Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Askeri müdahaleler bugüne kadar birçok ülkenin siyasi hayatını etkilemiş ve hâlen de etkilemeye devam etmektedir. Türk siyasi hayatında da birçok askeri müdahale bulunmaktadır. Bu müdahalelerden ilki ise 27 Mayıs 1960 İhtilali'dir. 27 Mayıs İhtilali'nin temelleri 1954 senesine kadar dayanır. 1954 senesi, askerler açısından iktidardaki Demokrat Parti hükümetinin baskıcı ve demokratik olmayan uygulamalarını sergilemeye başladığını değerlendirdikleri yıldır. Bu dönemde ordu üst kademesindeki generallerin çoğu DP yandaşı kişilerden oluştuğu için ordu içerisinde örgütlenmeye başlayan ihtilalci teşkilatlar daha çok genç subaylardan oluşur. Bu genç subaylar ihtilal öncesinde, Menderes Hükümeti'ni devirmek ve ülkede demokrasinin yerleşmesini temin edecek adımlar atmak hususunda anlaşırlar. Fakat her birinin zihninde ihtilal sonrası sürece ilişkin farklı düşünceler vardır. Yapılması gereken icraatlar ve bunların hangi yollarla yapılacağı ihtilalci subaylar arasında uzlaşmazlık yaratır. O dönem için ihtilalci örgütün parçalanmasına neden olabileceği gerekçesiyle bu sorunlar çözüme kavuşturulmadan ihtilal sonrasına ertelenir. 27 Mayıs 1960 günü, ordunun hiyerarşik yapısı dışında gerçekleşen bir askeri müdahale ile ihtilal gerçekleşir. İktidardaki DP hükümeti devrilir ve yerine ihtilalci askerlerden oluşan Milli Birlik Komitesi yönetimi devralır. Komitenin ve ülkenin başına Orgeneral Cemal Gürsel geçer. Fakat MBK daha çok Albay Alparslan Türkeş ve onunla aynı görüş etrafında birleşen askerlerin etkisi altındadır. Zamanla bu durum değişir ve Alparslan Türkeş'in de dahil olduğu ihtilalci on dört asker, MBK'daki görevlerine son verilerek yurt dışına sürgün edilirler. Bu olayın yanı sıra ordudaki birçok subayın bir gecede emekliye sevk edilmesi, Albay Talat Aydemir önderliğinde Harp Okulu öğrencilerinin ihtilal girişiminde bulunması gibi bazı hususlar da ordunun kendi içerisinde siyasi olarak parçalanmasına sebep olur. 27 Mayıs gecesi ülkeyi içerisine düştüğü parçalanmışlıktan kurtarmak amacıyla yola çıktığını söyleyen ordu, girişmiş olduğu bu ihtilal ile kendisini bir parçalanmışlığa sürükler.
Military interventions have affected and continue to affect the political life of many countries. There were a lot of military interventions in political life of Turkey. The first of these interventions is the 27 May 1960 Revolution. The foundation of the May 27 Revolution dates back to 1954. By 1954, the ruling Democrat Party government began to exhibit oppressive and undemocratic attitudes, according to soldiers. Since most of the generals in the upper echelons consisted of supporters of the Democrat Party, the revolution organizations that began within the army were mostly composed of young officers. Before the intervention, the young officers reached an agreement to overthrow the ruling Menderes Government and to implement reforms that establishment the democracy in country. But in their minds there were different opinions about what would they did after the revolution. They fall into disagreement about which reforms should did and how these reforms did. However, they suspended these disagreements after the revolution because of beware split of revolution organizations. On May 27, 1960, military intervention has been realized by violating the hierarchical structure of the army, overthrown the ruling Democratic Party government and replaced by the National Unity Committee consisting of revolutionary soldiers. General Cemal Gürsel took the head of the committee and the country. However, the National Unity Committee was mostly under the influence of Colonel Alparslan Türkeş and the soldiers who merging around the same notion with him. This situation changed over time and fourteen soldiers involved in the intervention, including Alparslan Türkeş, were dismissed from their duties in the National Unity Committee and exiled abroad. In addition, some other events like sudden obligatory overnight retirement of many officers in the army and revolution attempt of Colonel Talat Aydemir cause the army to disintegrate within itself. On the night of May 27, the army dragged itself into a major disintegration of its own by the military intervention, which it claimed in the cause of to save the country from the fragmentation.
Military interventions have affected and continue to affect the political life of many countries. There were a lot of military interventions in political life of Turkey. The first of these interventions is the 27 May 1960 Revolution. The foundation of the May 27 Revolution dates back to 1954. By 1954, the ruling Democrat Party government began to exhibit oppressive and undemocratic attitudes, according to soldiers. Since most of the generals in the upper echelons consisted of supporters of the Democrat Party, the revolution organizations that began within the army were mostly composed of young officers. Before the intervention, the young officers reached an agreement to overthrow the ruling Menderes Government and to implement reforms that establishment the democracy in country. But in their minds there were different opinions about what would they did after the revolution. They fall into disagreement about which reforms should did and how these reforms did. However, they suspended these disagreements after the revolution because of beware split of revolution organizations. On May 27, 1960, military intervention has been realized by violating the hierarchical structure of the army, overthrown the ruling Democratic Party government and replaced by the National Unity Committee consisting of revolutionary soldiers. General Cemal Gürsel took the head of the committee and the country. However, the National Unity Committee was mostly under the influence of Colonel Alparslan Türkeş and the soldiers who merging around the same notion with him. This situation changed over time and fourteen soldiers involved in the intervention, including Alparslan Türkeş, were dismissed from their duties in the National Unity Committee and exiled abroad. In addition, some other events like sudden obligatory overnight retirement of many officers in the army and revolution attempt of Colonel Talat Aydemir cause the army to disintegrate within itself. On the night of May 27, the army dragged itself into a major disintegration of its own by the military intervention, which it claimed in the cause of to save the country from the fragmentation.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Siyasal Bilimler, Political Science
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Yöndem, Muhammed (2019). 27 Mayıs İhtilali'nden sonra ordudaki siyasal ayrışmalar. Yayımlanmış Yüksek Lisans tezi, İnönü Üniversitesi, Malatya.1-148 ss.
