Timurlular döneminde Herat
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Tarih
2023
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Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Türkistan'da Türk-İslam Kültür ve medeniyetinin en önemli merkezlerinden biri olan Afganistan'ın Herat şehri Türkistan, İran ve Hindistan üçgeninde yer alması hasebiyle siyasi, askeri, ticari ve göç yollarının da üzerinden geçtiği bir nokta olup doğu-batı, kuzey-güney eksenli bölgenin kapısı olma özeliğini bölgede hâkimiyet tesis eden devletlere vererek Timurlular Devletine kadar pek çok hâkimiyetin ana karargâhını oluşturmuştur. Emir Timur tarafından hâkimiyet altına alınmasıyla birlikte Timurlular Devletinde yeni bir kimlik kazanan Herat şehri söz konusu hâkimiyet döneminin sonuna kadar mirzaların yetişerek tecrübe kazandıkları bir merkez olmasının yanı sıra siyasi, askeri ve ticari pek çok seferin düzenlendiği, elçilik heyetlerinin kabul gördüğü, pek çok imar faaliyetlerinin yapıldığı bir merkez oluştur. Yine Herirud Vadisinin zengin özellikleri vesilesiyle tarım, hayvancılık, madencilik ve ticaret başta olmak üzere Timurluların iktisadi hayatının şekillendiği ana nokta olan Herat şehri sultan ve mirzaların da desteklerinden dolayı pek çok noktadan önemli şahsiyetin uğrak noktasına dönüşmüştür. Devletlerin ekonomik refahı şehirlerin ihya edilmesinde önemli bir yer ihtiva ederken Herat şehri de ipek yolu üzerinde yer alması hasebiyle iktisadi ve ilmi hayatın kalbinin attığı bir merkez olmuş, bu bağlamda Timurlular döneminde Doğu Rönesansı diye tarif edilen üst düzeyde refahın yaşandığı bir süreci geçirmiştir. Hazırladığımız bu çalışmada Timurlular Devletinde başkent statüsü kazanan Herat şehrinin siyasi, iktisadi ve kültürel faaliyetleri konu edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda siyasi, iktisadi ve kültürel faaliyetler ayrı ayrı başlıklar halinde kaynaklara yansıyan şekilde incelenmiştir. Konusu Timurluların Herat hâkimiyeti olan tezimizin amacı; ülkemizde Timurlular Devletinin siyasi tarihine dair pek çok çalışma yapılmış olmasına rağmen Emir Timur'dan sonraki başkentleri olan Herat'a dair özelde geniş kapsamlı bir çalışma yapılmamasından ötürü dönemin müellif ve çağdaş kaynakların verdiği bilgiler ışığında bir bütünlük ortaya koymak hedeflenmiştir. Bu bağlamda hazırlanan çalışmada Herat'ın siyasi, iktisadi ve kültürel faaliyetlerine dair açıklayıcı bilgilere de yer verilmekte iken Türk-İslam şehirlerinin kentsel yapılarının temel ilkeleri dikkate alınarak ta değerlendirilmede bulunulmuştur.
The city of Herat in Afghanistan, one of the most important centers of Turkish-Islamic Culture and civilization in Turkestan, is a point where political, military, commercial and migration routes pass, due to its location in the triangle of Turkestan, Iran and India. By giving the feature of being the gate of the region to the states that established dominance in the region, it formed the main headquarters of many dominations up to the Timurid State. The city of Herat, which gained a new identity in the Timurid State with its domination by Emir Timur, was a center where mirzas grew up and gained experience until the end of the said domination period, as well as where many political, military and commercial expeditions were organized, embassy delegations were accepted, and many zoning activities were carried out. create a center. Again, thanks to the rich features of the Herirud Valley, the city of Herat, which was the main point where the economic life of the Timurids was shaped, especially in agriculture, animal husbandry, mining and trade, has turned into a frequent destination of important figures from many points due to the support of the sultans and mirzas. While the economic prosperity of the states has an important place in the revival of the cities, the city of Herat has also become a center where the heart of economic and scientific life beats due to its location on the silk road, and in this context, during the Timurids period, it went through a period of high level of prosperity, which is described as the Eastern Renaissance. In this study, the political, economic and cultural activities of the city of Herat, which gained the status of capital in the Timurid State, were discussed. In this direction, political, economic and cultural activities have been examined under separate headings as reflected in the sources. The aim of our thesis, the subject of which is the Herat domination of the Timurids; Although many studies have been done on the political history of the Timurid State in our country, it is aimed to present a unity in the light of the information given by the author of the period and contemporary sources, since there has not been a comprehensive study on Herat, the capital city after Emir Timur. In the study prepared in this context, explanatory information about the political, economic and cultural activities of Herat is also included, while an evaluation has been made by taking into account the basic principles of the urban structures of Turkish-Islamic cities.
The city of Herat in Afghanistan, one of the most important centers of Turkish-Islamic Culture and civilization in Turkestan, is a point where political, military, commercial and migration routes pass, due to its location in the triangle of Turkestan, Iran and India. By giving the feature of being the gate of the region to the states that established dominance in the region, it formed the main headquarters of many dominations up to the Timurid State. The city of Herat, which gained a new identity in the Timurid State with its domination by Emir Timur, was a center where mirzas grew up and gained experience until the end of the said domination period, as well as where many political, military and commercial expeditions were organized, embassy delegations were accepted, and many zoning activities were carried out. create a center. Again, thanks to the rich features of the Herirud Valley, the city of Herat, which was the main point where the economic life of the Timurids was shaped, especially in agriculture, animal husbandry, mining and trade, has turned into a frequent destination of important figures from many points due to the support of the sultans and mirzas. While the economic prosperity of the states has an important place in the revival of the cities, the city of Herat has also become a center where the heart of economic and scientific life beats due to its location on the silk road, and in this context, during the Timurids period, it went through a period of high level of prosperity, which is described as the Eastern Renaissance. In this study, the political, economic and cultural activities of the city of Herat, which gained the status of capital in the Timurid State, were discussed. In this direction, political, economic and cultural activities have been examined under separate headings as reflected in the sources. The aim of our thesis, the subject of which is the Herat domination of the Timurids; Although many studies have been done on the political history of the Timurid State in our country, it is aimed to present a unity in the light of the information given by the author of the period and contemporary sources, since there has not been a comprehensive study on Herat, the capital city after Emir Timur. In the study prepared in this context, explanatory information about the political, economic and cultural activities of Herat is also included, while an evaluation has been made by taking into account the basic principles of the urban structures of Turkish-Islamic cities.
Açıklama
İnönü Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / Tarih Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Timurlular, Herat
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Söylemez, Y. Z. (2023). Timurlular döneminde Herat. Yayınlanmış Doktora Tezi. İnönü Üniversitesi, Malatya.
