In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of the Combined Effects of Glycyrrhizic Acid and Ciprofloxacin on DNA Gyrase Activity in Staphylococcus aureus

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dc.contributor.authorAykac, Okan
dc.contributor.authorBozbey Merde, Irem
dc.contributor.authorBal, Halil
dc.contributor.authorOrtaakarsu, Ahmet Bugra
dc.contributor.authorHepokur, Ceylan
dc.contributor.authorBerk, Necmettin
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-04T13:37:36Z
dc.date.available2026-04-04T13:37:36Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentİnönü Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThe emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus underscores the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. This study evaluates the in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) in combination with ciprofloxacin (CIP) against S. aureus ATCC 25923. Antimicrobial activity was determined using broth microdilution and checkerboard assays, revealing MIC values of 0.25 & micro;g/mL for CIP and 512 & micro;g/mL for GA. The GA-CIP combination exhibited an additive effect (FICI = 1). Cytotoxicity assessed via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on L929 cells demonstrated acceptable IC50 values for each agent and their combination. Antioxidant capacity was measured using alpha,alpha-diphenyl-beta-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total antioxidant level (TAS), and total oxidant level (TOS) assays, with GA showing potential to mitigate CIP-induced oxidative stress. In silico molecular docking studies targeting DNA gyrase (PDB ID: 2XCT) supported a plausible binding synergy between GA and CIP. These findings suggest that GA, when combined with CIP, may enhance antibacterial efficacy and reduce oxidative damage, representing a promising strategy to address antibiotic resistance in S. aureus.
dc.description.sponsorshipThe Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [1919B012404726]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was funded by grants from The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUB & Idot;TAK 2209-A) (1919B012404726).
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/slct.202505973
dc.identifier.issn2365-6549
dc.identifier.issue9
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105031843566
dc.identifier.scopusqualityN/A
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202505973
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11616/109931
dc.identifier.volume11
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001705480900001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh
dc.relation.ispartofChemistryselect
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20250329
dc.subjectfractional Inhibitory concentration
dc.subjectminimum Inhibitory concentration
dc.subjectmolecular docking
dc.subjectmolecular dynamic
dc.subjectStaphylococcus aureus
dc.titleIn Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of the Combined Effects of Glycyrrhizic Acid and Ciprofloxacin on DNA Gyrase Activity in Staphylococcus aureus
dc.typeArticle

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